论清代直隶总督职能的嬗变

On the evolution of the Functions of Zhili Govern-general in qing Dynasty

清代督抚是衔接中央与地方治理的权力枢纽,其职能变化是中央地方治理策略变化的一种反映。直隶总督作为“八督之首,疆臣领袖”,除具备一般性职能外,还负有其他总督无可比拟的职能。因此,直隶总督职能的嬗变更具特殊性与代表性。有清一代,直隶总督的职能经历了复杂的调整,从顺治时期中央在直隶省设多位行政长官到晚清时期直隶总督成为权势显赫的封疆重臣,背后蕴含着丰富的政治意涵,体现了中央治理地方能力的变化。

The governor in Qing Dynasty was the power hub connecting the central and local governance,and the change of its function reflected the change of the central government’s local governance strategy.Zhili Govern-general,as“the head of the eight govern-general and the leader of the officials in Xinjiang”,had the general functions of the govern-general as well as incomparable functions of other govern-general.Therefore,the transmutation of zhili govern-general’s function is more special and representative.During the Qing Dynasty,the functions of zhili govern-general underwent complicated adjustment.From the period of Shunzhi to the period of late Qing,Zhili govern-General became a powerful and important official in the province,which contained rich political implications and reflected the changes of the central government’s ability to govern the local areas.