安徽铜陵夏家墩遗址出土青铜冶金遗物科学研究

Scientific Study of the Bronze Metallurgical Remains Unearthed from the Xiajiadun Site in Tongling,Anhui

前言 安徽铜陵地区因存在较多青铜时代矿冶遗存备受学界关注,2010年师姑墩遗址的发掘与检测不仅发现有早至二里头文化时期的冶金遗物,其所揭示的技术特征还为判定该遗址的性质与功能提供了重要线索。2013年秋冬之际,为加强铜陵地区早期矿冶文明的整体研究,深层次认识当地冶金技术的面貌特征,安徽省文物考古研究所与北京大学考古文博学院又对师姑墩东侧600米的夏家墩遗址进行了联合发掘。

The Xiajiadun site is a typical Shang and Zhou site containing metallurgical remains in southern Anhui.Through an analysis of 50 samples of metallurgical remains unearthed from the site,ranging from slag,ores,crucible fragments with adhered slag,and small copper lumps to small copper products,this study finds that two parallel technical systems characterized by using tin and arsenic as primary alloying elements,respectively,might have co-existed at the same site.Arsenic bronze metallurgy represented by the Xiajiadun site plays an important role in the early metallurgical industry of southern Anhui.The paper further discusses a two-step bronze production smelting process and infers that the sources of copper and arsenic were probably local,while tin ores were likely imported from northern Jiangxi,where the particular industrial pattern of bronze production is correlated with the trajectory of social complexity.Through archaeometallurgy,this paper provides important evidence for the study of such hot topics as the early civilizational history of cultural peripheries,social complexity,and arsenic bronze production in China.