凉山彝族苏尼“巫病”及其治疗仪式研究

Wizard Disease and Ritual Treatment from Anthropological Perspective

苏尼,作为一种地方性巫师,存在于四川凉山彝族地区特定的社会环境中。其独具风格的仪式治疗,作为一种民间特色医疗实践,治疗了无数患者的病痛,在多元医疗体系中发挥着独特的医疗作用。然而,苏尼特有的治疗技艺并非后天习得而成。成为一名苏尼须经历“阿萨纳”巫病的病痛体验中与“阿萨洛”入巫仪式的被治愈中才可被民间认可为能治病的巫师。“阿萨洛”入巫仪式是“阿萨纳”巫病患者转变成苏尼的一种过渡仪式,既是“阿萨纳”巫病患者病痛被治愈的终端,又是其转变为族群巫师的开端。同时,从患者转变为族群巫师,其社会角色与功能也发生了质的变化,与仪式前相比拥有截然不同的身份地位和归属认同,其研究价值不言而喻。目前学界对苏尼这一群体的关注日益渐长,可对于入巫的过程、巫病的病因观以及此类疾病的治愈机制等方面的研究仍有空间。

Suni,as a local wizard,exists in Yi Ethnic Minority in Liangshan area.Its unique ritual folk medical practice therapy treats countless patients and plays a unique role in the multiple medical systems.However,suni's unique healing skills were not officially acquired.To become a suni,one must experience the pain of"asana"witchcraft disease and the healing process of"asalo"witchcraft ceremony before he can be recognized."Asalo"witching ceremony is a transitional ceremony for the transformation of"asana"witches into suni.It is not only the terminal of the healing of"asana"patients,but also the beginning of their transformation into ethnic witches.At the same time,from patients to ethnic witches,their social roles and functions have also undergone qualitative changes.Compared before the ceremony,they have different status and belonging identity,and their research value is self-evident.At present,scholars pay more attention to suni group,but there are still gaps in the research on the process of witchcraft,the etiology of witchcraft disease and the cure mechanism of such diseases.