黔西南地区春玉米产量及气候资源利用差异研究

Study on the Difference of Spring Maize Yield and Climatic Resources Utilization in Southwest of Guizhou

为探明黔西南地区不同春玉米品种干物质积累、产量及气候资源利用能力的差异,为选用适宜的春玉米品种提供科学依据与参考,以4个玉米品种为材料,采用随机区组设计,于2018-2019年在黔西南州兴仁市开展品种比较试验,对气象因子、生育期、干物质积累及产量等进行分析。结果表明:营养生长期不同是导致品种间生育期差异的主要原因;花后自然条件差异导致籽粒生产效率、温、光、水利用率不同;有效积温、降水量对玉米生长影响较大。各品种中,先玉1171花后资源利用率最高,较对照品种温光水利用率提高5%、增产14.2%,当资源利用率达到95%以上时,产量可达12356.54 kg/hm^2,可作为黔西南首选春玉米品种。

In order to explore the differences of dry matter accumulation,yield and climatic resources utilization capacity of different spring maize varieties in the southwestern of Guizhou,and to provide the scientific basis and reference for selecting suitable spring maize varieties,a variety comparison test using four maize varieties as materials and adopting randomized block design were carried out in Xinren,southwest of Guizhou province from 2018 to 2019,and the meteorological factors,growth period,dry matter accumulation and yield were analyzed.The results showed that the differences of vegetative growth period were the main reason for the difference of growth period among different cultivars,the differences of natural conditions after flowering made the grain production efficiency and the utilization rate of temperature,light and water different,and the effective accumulated temperature and rainfalls had great influences on the growth of maize.Among all varieties,Xianyu 1171 had the highest utilization rate of post-flowering resources,which increased by 5%and 14.2%compared with the control varieties.When the utilization rate of resources was above 95%,the yield could reach 12356.54 kg/hm^2,which could be used as the preferred variety in the southwestern Guizhou.