单士元对中国传统营造工艺的研究与实践

Shan Shiyuan’s Research and Practice on Traditional Chinese Construction Craft

单士元(1907-1998)是我国建筑史学界较早关注传统营造工艺,并持续开展相关研究的学者之一。本文以其系统阐述传统营造工艺研究心得的《中国建筑史扩大研究课题意见的商榷》为纲,通过文献档案与口述历史互证,评析其继承中国营造学社“沟通儒匠”学术理路,对中国古代建筑营造工艺的研究与实践;揭示其秉持“无工艺则无所创造”的基本观念,挖掘营造工艺体系的基本要素“器物、技术、工具、匠人”等所承载的传统智慧,以服务当下实践建设的学术思想。

Shan Shiyuan(1907–1998) is one of the scholars in the field of Chinese architectural history who did continuous research in this field. With reference to his research experience on the systematic elaboration of traditional Chinese construction craft system, namely ‘Discussion of Opinions on the Expanded Research Topic of Chinese Architectural History’, and through the mutual evidence of literature archives and oral history, this article evaluates and analyses his academic path of ‘communication between the intellectuals and the craftsmen’ which was inherited from the Society for Research in Chinese Architecture. Furthermore, it reveals that he carried out the basic concept of ‘no craft, no creation’, and excavates on the traditional wisdom contained in the basic elements of the construction craft system, such as ‘utensils, technologies, tools and craftsmen’, so as to serve contemporary practical constructions.