甲壳素脱乙酰酶的研究进展

Research progress of chitin deacetylase

甲壳素脱乙酰酶是一种专一性脱去甲壳素乙酰基的金属酶。其来源广泛,在真菌、细菌、昆虫和甲壳类动物中均有发现。酶法制备壳聚糖有望克服现有的热碱法高污染、高耗能的缺点,并制备出乙酰度均匀,分子质量变化小,脱乙酰位置固定的高质量壳聚糖产品,这使得甲壳素脱乙酰酶的研究成为热点。该文介绍了甲壳素脱乙酰酶的理化性质、所属分类、来源与生理学作用以及作用机理,并综述了产酶菌株的选育方式及酶蛋白的一般纯化过程,最后对甲壳素脱乙酰酶的应用潜力和研究中的突出问题进行了讨论,以期为今后的甲壳素脱乙酰酶研究提供思路和方向。

Chitin deacetylase is a metalloenzyme that specifically catalyze the hydrolysis of acetyl in chitin,which has abundant resources and found in fungi,bacteria,insects and crustaceans.The preparation of chitosan by enzymic method is expected to overcome the shortcomings of high pollution and high energy consumption for the existing hot-alkali method,and to prepare high-quality chitosan products with uniform acetylation degree,small molecular weight changes,and fixed deacetylation positions,which make the research of chitin deacetylase becomes popular.In this paper,the physicochemical properties,classification,resource,physiological function and action mechanism of chitin deacetylase were introduced,and the breeding of enzyme-producing strains and general purification process of zymoprotein were reviewed.At last,the application potential and outstanding issues in the research of chitin deacetylase were discussed in order to provide ideas and directions for the future research of chitin deacetylase.