薄荷挥发油成分的气相色谱-质谱联用分析及抗衰老作用

GC-MS Analysis of Mentha haplocalyx Oil and Its Anti-aging Effects

目的采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法分析薄荷挥发油化学成分,并观察薄荷挥发油的抗衰老作用。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法制备薄荷挥发油,采用GC-MS法分析薄荷挥发油的主要成分。将18月龄昆明种小鼠随机分为模型组、维生素E组(200 mg·kg^-1)和薄荷挥发油高、中、低剂量组(0.004、0.002、0.001 mL·kg^-1),每组10只,另取10只健康成年小鼠作为正常对照组;每天1次灌胃给药,连续4周。采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定各组小鼠的碳粒廓清指数和吞噬指数;测定胸腺指数和脾脏指数;ELISA法测定血清免疫球蛋白(Ig)G、IgM水平;检测血清、肝脏的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果 GC-MS分析显示,薄荷挥发油共含32种成分,鉴定出其中18种成分,占挥发油总量的91.80%;其中薄荷脑(33.25%)、二氢香芹酮(25.16%)、右旋香芹酮(15.47%)、二氢异丙维醇(6.17%)4种成分占挥发油总量的80.05%。与正常对照组比较,模型组小鼠的碳粒廓清指数及吞噬指数、胸腺指数及脾脏指数、血清IgG及IgM水平、血清和肝脏的SOD及GSH-Px活性均明显降低(P<0.01),血清和肝脏的MDA含量显著升高(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,薄荷挥发油各剂量组均能显著提高老年小鼠的碳粒廓清指数和吞噬指数(P<0.05,P<0.01),增加胸腺指数和脾脏指数(P<0.01),升高血清IgG和IgM水平(P<0.01);薄荷挥发油各剂量组的血清和肝脏SOD活性显著升高(P<0.01),高、中剂量组血清和肝脏的GSH-Px活性显著增强(P<0.01),各剂量组的血清和肝脏MDA水平均显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论薄荷挥发油主要含薄荷脑、二氢香芹酮、右旋香芹酮、二氢异丙维醇等成分,其具有抗衰老作用,可能与其增强老年小鼠免疫功能,提高抗氧化能力有关。

Objective To analyze the components of Mentha haplocalyx oil by GC-MS,and the effects of anti-aging of Mentha haplocalyx oil was observed in aged mice.MethodsThe Mentha haplocalyx oil was extracted by steam distillation,the components of Mentha haplocalyx oil were analyzed by GC-MS. Eighteen months old Kunming mice were randomly divided into model group,Vitamin E group(200 mg·kg^-1),Mentha haplocalyx oil high,medium,and low groups(0.004,0.002,0.001 mL·kg^-1),10 in each group;additionally,10 healthy adult mice were used as control group. Mice were intragastric administrated with correspondent drugs once a day for 4 weeks. The carbon clearance index and phagocytosis index were measured by ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry;thymus index and spleen index were measured by weighing method;IgG and IgM levels in serum were measured by ELISA;activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), and contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) in serum and liver were also measured by ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry.ResultsThe results of GC-MS showed that the Mentha haplocalyx oil contained 32 components,among them 18 compounds were identified and accounted for 91.80% of Mentha haplocalyx oil. Menthol(33.25%), Dihydrocarvone(25.6%), D-carvone(15.47%) and Dihydroisopropanol(6.17%) accounted for 80.05% of Mentha haplocalyx oil. Compared with normal group, the carbon clearance index, phagocytosis index, spleen index and thymus index, the contents of IgG and IgM in serum, the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in serum and liver significantly decreased(P<0.01), the contents of MDA in serum and liver significantly improved in the model group(P<0.01). Compared with model group, the carbon clearance index, phagocytosis index, spleen index, thymus index, IgG and IgM in serum increased significantly in all dose groups of Mentha haplocalyx oil(P<0.05,P<0.01);the activities of SOD in serum and liver increased significantly in all dose groups of Mentha haplocalyx oil(P<0.01), the activities of GSH-Px in serum and liver increased significantly in the high and medium dose groups of Mentha haplocalyx oil(P<0.05,P<0.01),the contents of MDA in serum and liver reduced significantly in all dose groups of Mentha haplocalyx oil(P<0.05, P<0.01).ConclusionThe Mentha haplocalyx oil contained Menthol, Dihydrocarvone, D-carvone and Dihydroisopropanol,which had the effects of anti-aging;and its mechanism may be associated with enhancing the immune function,increasing the antioxidant activities in aged mice.