释“文德”——钱锺书怎样读章学诚

Interpretation of“Wen De”——How does Qian Zhongshu“read”Zhang Xuecheng

钱锺书《管锥编》对章学诚“文德”予以“辨章释义”,指出章学诚“文德”特指著者慎对文史研究时必备的思维准则、价值原则,直指著者“德性”,而王充“文德”是一个意在统辖朝野对个人著述的公共舆情的关键词,关涉著述“德行”,钱以此反驳太炎之“望文生义”。钱释“文德”从“单篇狭义”到“互文广义”,借“文德”“史德”之互文释义标举史家之“心术”暨“敬”。《管锥编》释“文德”实为借“我注六经”以“六经注我”,更是对《宋诗选注》之述学策略、治学选择的升华,以“学思正义”冷对“世情蔽义”。

Qian Zhongshu’s Guan Zhui Bian gives an interpretation of Zhang Xuecheng’s“Wen De”,pointing out that Zhang Xuecheng’s“Wen De”refers to the author’s necessary thinking criteria and value principles in the study of literature and history,and points out that Wang Chong’s“Wen De”is intended to govern the public opinion of the government and the public on his own works,which is related to the“virtue”of his works.