功能性微生物菌剂对小麦生长和根际土壤生态的影响

Effects of Functional Microbial Agents on Wheat Growth and Rhizosphere Soil Micro-ecology

【目的】研究不同功能微生物菌剂对小麦生长和土壤质量等作用,为微生物菌剂复配和小麦土壤改良、病害防治和高产优产等提供参考。【方法】分别设置无菌水(CK)、抗倒伏(A)、促早熟(B)、防病促生功能菌剂(C)4个处理,通过田间浸种试验,采用测定小麦的生长、传统的化学分析方法和Biolog微平板法,研究不同功能微生物菌剂对小麦的生长发育、根际土壤理化性质和微生物群落功能多样性的影响。【结果】与CK处理相比,添加不同功能微生物菌剂对小麦生长的影响不同,其中茎秆鲜重以抗倒伏菌剂最高,增幅为6.47%,其余2个处理均降低;促早熟菌剂株高呈增加趋势,增幅为4.78%,其余2个处理均降低;茎粗以抗倒伏菌剂增加最多,增幅为15.07%,其次是防病促生菌剂,但增幅仅2.74%,而促早熟菌剂则没有差异。添加不同功能微生物菌剂对小麦土壤理化性质有一定的影响,3种菌剂处理pH值有降低趋势,但总盐含量均呈显著增高趋势;施用不同功能微生物菌剂对土壤养分含量总体呈促进作用,显著提高土壤中有机质和全氮含量,其中有机质含量A、B、C处理分别比CK处理显著提高了8.64%、6.46%和12.69%,全氮含量分别显著提高了13.54%、8.30%和25.16%。Biolog结果显示,3种不同功能微生物菌剂处理土壤微生物的AWCD值均呈增加趋势,分别增加了15.10%、1.88%和13.95%;Shannon丰富度指数分别增加了2.13%、0.97%和1.80%;不同菌剂处理对不同类型碳源的利用程度存在显著差异。不同功能菌剂处理改变了小麦根际土壤微生物功能多样性。【结论】不同微生物菌剂由于具有不同的功能特征,对小麦的生长和土壤微生态的影响也不同,需要将其进行组合,优势互补,才能达到发挥其各自优势的作用。

【Objective】To discuss the effects of microbial agents with different functions on wheat growth and soil quality in the hope of providing reference for the combination of microbial agents and wheat soil improvement,disease control and high yield.【Method】Four treatments,including sterile water(CK),anti-lodging agent(A),precocious promoting agent(B)and antagonistic and growth promoting agent(C)were set.Through experiments of seed soaking,the effects of different functional microbial agents on the growth and development of wheat,the physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil and the functional diversity of microbial community were studied by measuring the growth of wheat,the traditional chemical analysis method and biolog microplate method.【Result】The addition of different functional microbial agents had different effects on the growth of wheat.Compared with CK treatment,culm fresh weight increased by 6.47%in A treatment,and the other two treatments all decreased.Plant height in B treatment significantly increased by 4.78%,and the other two treatments all decreased.Stem diameter increased respectively by 15.07%and 2.74%in A treatment and C treatment,but there was no difference in B treatment.The addition of different functional microbial agents had some effects on the physical and chemical properties of wheat soil.Their pH values were decreased,but the total salt content increased significantly in the three microbial agents.The application of different functional microbial agents promoted soil nutrient content,the content of organic matter and total nitrogen significantly increased.Compared with CK treatment,the contents of organic matter in treatment A,B and C treatments significantly increased by 8.64%,6.46%and 12.69%,and the contents of total nitrogen significantly increased by 13.54%,8.30%and 25.16%,respectively.The results of biology showed that the AWCD values of soil microorganisms treated with three different functional microbial agents increased by 15.10%,1.88%and 13.95%,respectively.Shannon richness index increased by 2.13%,0.97%and 1.80%respectively,and the utilization degree of different types of carbon sources was significantly different in different bacterial treatments.Principal component analysis showed that the microbial functional diversities of wheat rhizosphere soil were changed by different functional bacterial agents.【Conclusion】Because of different functional characteristics,microbial agents had different effects on wheat growth and soil microecology,so it is necessary to combine them and complement each other's advantages in order to play their respective advantages.