凝聚与认同:民间信仰在村落共同体意识建构中的功能——基于对临沂大裕村送火神民俗仪式的考察

Cohesion and Identity:Function of Folk Belief in the Construction of Village Community Consciousness——Based on the Investigation of the Folk Ceremony of Sending Away Fire God in Dayu Village,Linyi City

民间信仰作为村落民众共同的情感寄托,是村民之间情感交流的重要凭借,也是约束乡村村民生活的有力规范,缘起于个体,逐渐蔓延扩展,最后发展为村落民众的共识,并形成了一套不断完善的仪式,随着时代的变迁而绵延传承下来。民间信仰源于乡土社会,又维系着乡土社会复杂的人际关系。“送火神”仪式作为一种民间信仰方式,有着繁琐的程序、悠久的历史,承载着丰富的民间文化,对维系村落关系有着举足轻重的作用,信仰及其仪式对村落的发展和村落文化的传承以及共同体意识的建构起着重要的作用。

Folk belief,as carrier of villagers’common emotions,is an important basis for emotional communication among villagers,and is also a powerful norm that disciplines the lives of villagers.A folk belief always starts from individuals,then gradually spreads and expands,and finally develops into a consensus among the villagers,forming a set of constantly improving ceremonies,which,with support from a comparatively fixed group of believers,would be passed down continuously despite changes of the times.Folk belief comes from the local society and maintains the complex interpersonal relationship in the local society.As a ceremony for folk belief,the ritual of"sending away the fire god"has sophisticated procedures and a long history,carries rich folk culture,and plays an important role in maintaining relationships within the village.Such a belief and its ritual ceremony play an important role in the development of villages,the inheritance of village culture and the construction of community consciousness.