机车辐板式直齿轮啮合刚度计算及传动优化

Meshing Stiffness Calculation and Transmission Optimization of Webbed Spur Gears in Locomotive

为减小机车齿轮传动质量,保证高速运行稳定性,根据分析力学方法和应变能原理给出一种辐板式直齿圆柱齿轮传动的啮合刚度计算方法。通过对不同辐板和轮缘厚度、辐板孔径和孔数齿轮啮合刚度的分析,找出辐板结构对啮合刚度的影响规律;同时在保证机车齿轮强度条件下,以辐板结构参数为设计变量,利用多目标遗传算法对大齿轮质量和啮合刚度波动因子进行了最小化,并对优化前后机车齿轮传动的动力学性能进行分析。结果表明:本文方法能够准确计算机车辐板式齿轮传动的啮合刚度及其波动规律,改变辐板式齿轮基体参数会导致啮合刚度变化;优化的齿轮减小了系统惯性力,有效缩减了高速传动中的动态啮合误差,避免了高速传动中的次谐波振动。

To reduce the mass of gear transmission in railway locomotives and ensure the stability of the system in high speed,the paper proposed a meshing stiffness calculation method about spur gear based on the method of analytical mechanics and the principle of strain energy.By calculating and analyzing change of meshing stiffness of webbed spur gear,with different thickness of web and rim,aperture diameter and count,the influence law of web structure on meshing stiffness was obtained.Meanwhile,under the condition of ensuring the strength of the locomotive gear,the key web structural parameters were used as design variables to minimize the gear mass and the fluctuation factor of the meshing stiffness by the use of the multi-objective genetic algorithm.The dynamic performance of the webbed spur gear transmission before and after optimization was compared and analyzed.The results show that the proposed method can accurately calculate the meshing stiffness and its fluctuation law in the webbed spur gear transmission.The variety of parameters of the webbed spur gear body will cause the change of the mesh stiffness.The optimized gear reduces the inertia force of the system as well as the dynamic meshing error in high-speed transmission and avoids some subharmonic vibrations in high-speed transmission.