玉米全膜双垄沟残膜回收机优化设计与试验

Improved Design and Experiment of Collector for Corn Whole Plastic Film Mulching on Double Ridges

针对现有玉米全膜双垄沟残膜回收机作业中存在起膜单体仿形能力差、易堵塞、根茬易被挑起及卸膜难等问题,对机具的起膜装置、卷膜装置及卷膜装置的传动方案进行优化设计。起膜装置由8个仿形起膜单体、滑块、导轨及调压弹簧组成,起膜单体能够随地形上下仿形,解决了根茬被挑起、堵塞及冲击振动问题。卷膜装置由主从动锥型卷膜辊、辅助卷膜齿和联动卸膜转臂组成。其中,卷膜辊应用了摩擦传动恒线速度机理,保证卷膜松紧程度均匀;辅助卷膜齿采用快速插接机构插接在主从动锥型动卷膜辊上,实现残膜高效缠绕;主从动卷膜辊设计为锥型结构,便于脱膜;联动卸膜转臂能够保证主从动锥型卷膜辊近似直线分开,使卸膜较为便捷。通过分析偏心伸缩弹齿的运动,确定了弹齿周向分布4个。以残膜回收率、缠膜率和含杂率为评价指标,采用正交试验得出样机最优工作参数为:前进速度3 km/h、偏心伸缩弹齿挑膜滚筒转速60 r/min、卷膜辊转速90 r/min。以最优工作参数进行了田间试验验证,结果表明,作业机残膜回收率为89.46%,缠膜率为1.93%,含杂率为25.53%,满足全膜双垄沟残膜回收技术要求。

In order to solve the problem of poor profiling effect,easy congestion,stubble lifting,and unsatisfactory film unloading performance of the existing collector machine for corn whole plastic film mulching on double ridges,the improved design of film lifting,film rolling device and the transmission scheme of the machine were carried out.The film lifting device consisted of eight profiling film lifting monomers,slider,guide rail and pressure regulating spring,which can be profiled up and down with the terrain,and solved the problems of stubble lifting,congestion and impact vibration.The film rolling device was composed of main and subordinate moving cone-shaped film rolling roller,the auxiliary film rolling teeth and the linkage film unloading rotating arm.Among them,the film rolling roller was applied as the constant linear speed mechanism of friction transmission to ensure the uniform tightness of the film rolling.The auxiliary film rolling teeth were inserted on the main and subordinate moving film rolling roller by the fast insertion mechanism to realize the efficient winding of the residual film.The main and subordinate moving film rolling roller was designed as the cone-shaped structure to facilitate film unloading.The linkage film unloading rotating arm can ensure that the main and secondary cone-shaped roll were separated approximately in a straight line,which made the film unloading easier and faster.By analyzing the movement of eccentric telescopic elastic teeth,it was determined that the number of circumferential distribution of elastic teeth was 4.Taking the orthogonal test as the optimization design method,the recovery rate,winding rate and impurity content rate of the residual film as the evaluation index,the optimal working parameters of the prototype were obtained by using the comprehensive balance method,which was the forward speed of 3 km/h,the rotation speed of the eccentric retractable elastic tooth take-up drum was 60 r/min,and the rotation speed of the film roll was 90 r/min.The field test was carried out with the optimal working parameters.The test results showed that the recovery rate of the residual film of the machine was 89.46%,the wrapping rate was 1.93%,and the impurity rate was 25.53%.The result met the technical requirements of the collector for corn whole plastic film mulching on double ridges and can provide a reference for the design of the residual film recovery machine.