电解水在小龙虾壳脱矿物质和蛋白质中的应用

The Application of Electrolyzed Water in Demineralization and Deproteinization of Crayfish Shell

为开发一种从小龙虾壳生产几丁质的工艺,研究了电解水对小龙虾壳的脱矿物质和脱蛋白质作用,并分析了制备的几丁质的理化性质和结构。结果表明,用2%NaCl制备的酸性电解水和碱性电解水分别单独处理虾壳粉6 h,矿物质和蛋白质脱除率分别为99.59%和91.31%。对虾壳粉进行酸性电解水和碱性电解水的联合连续处理(9 h),所得几丁质的灰分和蛋白质含量分别为0.86%和1.31%。酸性电解水还具有良好的脱色作用。与传统无机酸碱法相比,电解水处理工艺制备的几丁质具有较低的特性黏度(368 mL/g)、分子质量(85 ku)和脱乙酰度(12.88%)。热重分析和差热分析、扫描电镜观察、傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线衍射图谱的结果表明,电解水处理工艺和传统无机酸碱法制备的几丁质均呈网状多孔结构,均为α-几丁质,降解温度分别为382℃和389℃,结晶度指数分别为82.48%和78.82%。电解水处理工艺有潜力成为一种生产几丁质的新方法。

To develop a new process for producing chitin from crayfish shell,demineralization and deproteinization of crayfish shell by electrolyzed water(EW)were studied,and the physicochemical properties and structure of chitin extracted were characterized.The results showed that after crayfish shell powder(CSP)was treated individually with acidic electrolyzed water(AEW)and basic electrolyzed water(BEW)prepared by 2%NaCl for 6 h,the mineral and protein removal rates were 99.59%and 91.31%,respectively.After CSP was continuously treated by the combination of AEW and BEW for 9 h,the ash and protein contents of chitin prepared were 0.86%and 1.31%,respectively.AEW also had good decolorizing effect.Compared with the traditional inorganic acid-base method,the chitin produced by the EW treatment process had lower intrinsic viscosity(368 mL/g),molecular weight(85 ku)and degree of deacetylation(12.88%).The results of thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis,scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction showed that both chitins exhibited a network-like porous structure and all wereα-chitin.The degradation temperature of them were 382℃and 389℃,respectively,and the crystallinity index were 82.48%and 78.82%,respectively.Therefore,EW treatment process has the potential to be a novel method for producing chitin from crayfish shell.