法律演化的系统论阐释

A Systematic Interpretation on the Evolution of Law

演化理论应当回答演化如何启动,又如何持续进展的问题。法律系统的演化,是在系统封闭性运作并维持规范性期望的过程中展开,正因如此,法律系统的演化受到环境的激扰但是不受环境的决定,演化是取决于系统本身的事实进程。卢曼系统论受到达尔文生物演化论的启发,将法律系统类比于生物系统,强调了演化本身的动态性,但是,卢曼弱化了环境在自然选择过程中的重要性,注重演化过程中的系统变异、选择与再稳定机制,最终强调了演化的非目的性、非决定性和非必然性。具体而言,法律演化理论包括演化何以可能、何以展开以及如何走向未来三个层面。

The theory of evolution should answer the question of how to start and how to continue to progress.The evolution of the legal system is carried out in the process of the closed operation of the system and the maintenance of normative expectations.For this reason,the evolution of the legal system is disturbed but not determined by the environment.The evolution depends on the factual process of the system itself.Luhmann’s system theory was inspired by Darwin’s biological evolution theory by comparing the legal system to biological systems and emphasizing the dynamic nature of evolution itself.However,Luhmann weakened the importance of the environment in the process of natural selection and focused on the system in the evolution process.The mechanism of mutation,selection,and re-stabilization ultimately emphasizes the non-purpose,non-determinism,and non-necessity of evolution.Specifically,the theory of legal evolution includes the three main issues as why the evolution is possible,how to unfold the progress,and the path to move toward the future.