冠层推拨装置对喷杆喷雾机雾滴飘失与沉积特性的影响

Influences of canopy-pushing plate on droplet drift and deposition characteristics of boom sprayer

喷杆喷雾机具有作业效率高、雾滴覆盖率高、沉积分布均匀、防治效果好等优点,是目前大田作物最主要的施药机具。但受作物冠层遮挡和侧风等气象条件的影响,导致喷杆喷雾机作业时雾滴难以穿透到植株中下部并伴随飘失。为改善喷杆喷雾机喷雾雾滴在作物冠层的穿透性并降低飘移量,本文优化设计了一种适用于大田作物的喷杆喷雾机冠层推拨装置。并分别使用两种喷头(标准扇形雾喷头ST110-02、射流喷头IDK120-02)对该装置的减飘性和在小麦上的沉积特性进行了对比试验。结果表明:该冠层推拨装置对标准扇形雾喷头ST110-02的减飘效果强于射流喷头IDK120-02,其减飘效果分别为59.0%和9.5%;冠层推拨装置可以提高药液的沉积率,对于ST110-02喷头可增加18.0%,IDK120-02喷头增加了8.6%;同时该推拨装置对小麦植株的推拨作用增加了雾滴向冠层中下方的穿透效果,有利于药液在植株上的均匀沉积。

Boom sprayer is one of the most important sprayers for field crops due to its advantages of high working efficiency,droplet coverage,uniform droplet distribution and good biological control effect.However,due to the density of plant canopy and meteorological conditions such as crosswind,the droplets are very difficult to penetrate into the middle and lower parts of the plant and tend to drift into non-target areas.In order to improve the penetrability of droplets in crop canopy and reduce the potential spray drift of boom sprayer,a canopy-pushing plate of boom sprayer was designed and optimized.Two kinds of nozzles(standard flat fan nozzle ST110-02 and air injection nozzle IDK120-02)were used to compare the characteristics of drift reduction and droplet deposition on wheat between conventional boom sprayer and canopy-pushing plate boom sprayer.The results showed that the pushing plate could effectively reduce drift,and the effect on the standard flat fan nozzle ST110-02 was stronger than on the air injection nozzle IDK120-02.The drift reduction rates in ST110-02 and IDK120-02 nozzle were 59.0%and 9.5%,respectively.The canopy-pushing plate could increase the deposition rate of spray liquid by 18.0%for the ST110-02 nozzle and 8.6%for the IDK120-02 nozzle.What’s more,the canopy-pushing plate could also improve the penetration effect of droplets into the lower parts of canopy,which is favorable for the uniform deposition of the spray liquid on the plant.