新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间不同暴露风险人群心理现况及社会支持的调查研究

Investigation on psychological status and social support of people with different exposure risks during Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic

目的了解COVID-19期间不同暴露风险人群心理现况及社会支持现况,为疫情防控针对性健康教育及心理、社会支持提供参考。方法采用随机抽样,借助医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对成都市某三甲医院病房选取住院患者、住院患者照护者;某社区普通居民、某集中隔离点隔离人群共212名开展调查。结果45人(21.2%)存在抑郁,32人(15.1%)存在焦虑;单因素方差分析显示不同暴露风险、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状态人群社会支持总分及各维度间存在不同程度差异(P<0.05);线性回归分析显示不同暴露风险人群、婚姻状态是社会支持程度的相关因素(P<0.05)。结论不同暴露风险人群普遍存在焦虑、抑郁情绪,有必要开设心理干预网络门诊,满足大众心理情感诉求;社会支持呈现梯度差异,急需建立网格化健康教育模式;关注老年、文化程度较低、未婚人群,共筑COVID-19疫情群防群控网络。

Objective To understand the psychological status and social support status of people with different exposure risks during COVID-19 pandemic and to provide reference for targeted health education and psychological and social support for epidemic prevention and control.Methods Random sampling was used and total 212 respondents were investigated by the hospital anxiety and depression scale(HADS)and social support rating scale(SSRS).The respondents including inpatients,caregivers from a tertiary hospital,ordinary residents in community and isolated people in a centralized isolation in Chengdu.Results 45 people(21.2%)had depression and 32 people(15.1%)had anxiety.ANOVA analysis showed that people in different exposure risk,age,and education level had different total score of social support and different dimensions(P<0.05).Linear regression analysis showed that different exposure risk and marriage status were related factors of social support degree(P<0.05).Conclusion Anxiety and depression are common among people with different exposure risks,and it is necessary to set up psychological intervention network clinics to meet the psychological and emotional demands of the public.Social support shows a gradient difference,so it is urgent to establish a grid health education model.We should pay attention to the elderly,low education level,and unmarried people to build a COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control network.