我国《公司法》体系的重构——一种解释论的观点

Reconstruction of the Company Law System—An Explanatory View

1993年以来我国《公司法》虽经过多次修订、修改,但其体系结构并没有发生实质的变化。由于历史的原因,我国《公司法》最初是为现代企业制度的建立,而参酌各国公司立法经验,整合了有限责任公司法规范和股份公司法规范,采取“统分结合”的方式,形成了现行法上的规范体系。这一体系对法律解释和法律适用产生了困扰。各国现代公司法体系是19世纪自由竞争和工业经济的产物,是为大型公开公司的需求而设计的。多数国家以公开公司为基础,以封闭公司为例外,建立了公司法的体系,在立法形式上,采取这两类公司的分别立法或统一立法的模式。近年来,以英国和日本为代表的国家进行了公司法的改革,转变了原有的观念,以中小企业和封闭公司为基础构建一般规范,对公开公司作出例外规定或就某一事项作出单独规定。我国《公司法》的修订应顺应当代知识经济和数字经济的要求,在坚持现行法上将有限责任公司和股份有限公司统合于一部公司法典的基本模式的同时,建立从公司设立、存续到消灭等的同一事项中以具有封闭性质的中小公司为定位建立基础规范,对具有公开性质的大公司作例外或单独规范,以利于公司法的解释和适用。

Although the company law has been revised many times since 1993,the company law system hasn't substantially changed.Due to historical reasons,the company law,originally for the purpose of the establishment of a modern enterprise system,by drawing on legislative experiences of various countries,integrating the limited liability corporation law and the stock corporation law,and adopting the method of"combination of centralization and decentralization",has developed as the current system.Such system causes some troubles to the interpretation and application of laws.The modern company law systems of various countries are products of free competition and industrial economy of 19th century and designed for meeting the needs of large public companies.Most countries have established their company law systems by regarding an open company as the basis and a closed company as an exception.They adopt a mode of separate or unified legislation on both kinds of companies respectively in terms of legislative mode.Countries represented by UK and Japan have reformed their company laws and changed original ideas by establishing general rules on basis of medium-sized and small enterprises and closed companies and give exceptional regulations on open companies or separate regulations on a certain issue.The amendment to the Company Law of China shall be made by keeping up with the times of knowledge and digital economy,adopting the classification of a closed company and an open company for the stock corporation,taking closed companies which play important role in promoting national economy as the basis and open companies as exception,to establish an integrated company law system in the basic mode of a unified company law,for the purpose of facilitating the interpretation and application of the Company Law.