对价欺诈交易刑民界限的法教义学分析

The Analysis of Criminal-civil Boundary for a Transaction withConsideration Fraud from the Perspective of Legal Dogmatics

对价欺诈交易是指行为人采取虚构事实或者隐瞒真相的方法,通过交付相当代价欺骗他人进行交易的行为。对价欺诈交易侵犯的法益是财产权,商业自治权在厘定对价欺诈交易的民刑界限时可以发挥重要的功能导向性作用。作为刑事犯罪的对价欺诈交易中的“财产损失”,包括客观损失以及交易的物品因不具有商业价值而遭受的损失,但应排除边际损失。对价欺诈交易中“欺诈”的刑事处罚范围,因对价之存在需要从性质、对象以及价值判断上进行限制,同时要加以体系性限缩。对行为人归责,需要考虑被害人是否尽谨慎义务。被害人之谨慎义务应采取折中说。认定刑事诈骗之“非法占有目的”,原则上应采取结果性非法占有目的,特殊情形下可采取行为性非法占有目的。

A transaction with consideration fraud means that an actor takes a method of fabricating facts or concealing the truth to deceive others at a certain cost.The legal interest infringed by the transaction with consideration fraud is the property right,therefore the commercial autonomy plays an important function-orienting role in determining its criminal-civil boundary.The"property loss"in the transaction with consideration fraud as a criminal offense includes objective loss and the loss suffered due to the absence of commercial value of the transacted item,but the marginal loss should be excluded.The scope of criminal punishment against"fraud"in the transaction with consideration fraud should be limited from the nature,object,and the judgment of value due to the existence of consideration,and at the same time should be narrowed systematically.Regarding the imputation against an actor,whether the victim has exercised the duty of diligence.The duty of diligence should be judged according to the intermediate opinion.The"purpose of illegal possession"in a criminal fraud should be determined by understanding it in terms of the consequence in principle,and in terms of the act in special circumstances.