河北省太行山苹果产区土壤肥力与施肥现状评价

Evaluation of soil fertility and fertilization status in Taihang apple-producing area of Hebei Province

为综合评价河北省太行山地区苹果园土壤肥力与施肥现状,通过实地调查该地苹果园不同养分投入量、投入类型以及各养分在0~60 cm土层分布状况,并进一步采用产量差法探究最佳养分投入量。结果表明,河北省太行山地区苹果园有机肥平均施入量为5934.72 kg/hm^2,以鸡粪、羊粪、牛粪为主;无机肥N、P2O5、K2O投入量分别为777.63 kg/hm^2、421.86 kg/hm^2、543.39 kg/hm^2。土壤养分随土层加深呈降低趋势,其中0~20 cm土层有机质、有效磷、速效钾、有效铁含量均达到了丰富水平,但有效锰含量处于较低水平,有效铜、有效锌处于适量水平。产量差模型分析显示,河北省太行山苹果园最高产量N、P2O5、K2O投入量分别为821.87 kg/hm^2、580.73 kg/hm^2、676.99 kg/hm^2。建议在实际生产中应降低氮、钾肥投入,适当补充磷、锰肥,同时搭配有机肥。

In order to comprehensively evaluate the status of soil fertility and fertilization of apple orchards in Taihang Mountain area of Hebei Province,this study investigated the different nutrient inputs,fertilizer types and nutrient distribution in 0-60 cm soil depth,and further used the yield gap method to explore the optimal nutrient input.The results showed that the average amount of organic fertilizer applied in Taihang Mountain area of Hebei Province was 5934.72kg/hm^2,mainly including chicken manure,sheep manure and cow manure.The inputs of inorganic N,P2O5 and K2O were 777.63 kg/hm^2,421.86 kg/hm^2 and 543.39 kg/hm^2,respectively.Soil nutrients content tended to decrease as the soil layer deepened.The contents of organic matter,available P,K and Fe were all at the rich level in 0-20 cm soil depth,but available Mn was at a low level,and the available copper and zinc were at the appropriate level.The analysis of yield difference model showed that N,P 2O 5 and K2O inputs were 821.87 kg/hm^2,580.73 kg/hm^2 and 676.99 kg/hm^2 respectively under the highest yield of apple orchard in Taihang Mountain area.We concluded that it was necessary to reduce the input of N and K fertilizer,appropriately increase P and Mn fertilizer,and combine with organic fertilizer in field managements.