制造“十万”:1963—1966年上海知青支援新疆的人数与历史记忆

Manufacture of“100,000”:Shanghai Educated Youth Support Xinjiang and Historical Memory during 1963 to 1966

长期以来,1963—1966年上海有十万名知青支援新疆的史实一直存在,并不断被书写、传承。事实上,这种流传是一种基于历史过程和历史书写综合而成。在此过程中,计划性的人数与实际安置人数之间存在一定误差,因此最终造成人数上的不统一。不过,就当时的动员、宣传而言,计划的人数往往更会被肯定,并在各类宣传报道中将其模糊化(扩大化),从而形成一种积极向上的社会风气。其实,随着上海知青支援新疆的开展,其人数一直在变动,这无疑会影响最终人数的统计。显然,基于各类档案文献所计算出的人数只会更加接近真实的人数,但并不会代替“十万”这一历史记忆。这种基于历史过程的记忆更富有某种象征意义,代表了上海知青支援新疆的历史意义和广泛的社会影响力。

For a long time,the historical story of 100,000 Shanghai intellectual youths supported Xinjiang during 1963 to 1966 has been narrated.In fact,the narrative was a synthesis based on historical processes and historical writing.During the process,there was some errors between the planned data and the actual resettlement data,making it difficult to conclude the final data.However,the planned data was more often affirmed,and based on this,a positive social atmosphere had been formed.Further,as the Shanghai educated youth began to support Xinjiang,the changing number would undoubtedly affect the final number of people.Obviously,the number calculated based on various types of files would be closer to the actual number,but it cannot replace the historical memory of“100,000”.The symbolic historical memory represents the historical significance and broad social influence of Shanghai’s intellectual youth in supporting Xinjiang.