微生物对黄曲霉毒素的抑制机制研究进展

Research Progress on Inhibition Mechanism ofAflatoxins by Microorganisms

部分黄曲霉菌会对农作物及产品造成严重污染。受相关基因的影响,黄曲霉会产生一种对人类健康与畜禽养殖构成重大威胁的真菌毒素,即黄曲霉毒素,在田间、储藏期或运输过程中黄曲霉毒素污染均可能发生。防止黄曲霉毒素进入食物链的策略有很多,其中采用生物法防治黄曲霉污染越来越引起研究者的重视,也逐渐被人们所接受。利用微生物对黄曲霉及毒素进行控制,可有效减轻黄曲霉菌及毒素对粮食作物及产品的污染,发挥功能的物质主要是微生物的代谢产物,包括多肽、小分子有机物、有机酸、抗生素和酶等。黄曲霉毒素污染对农作物产生的重大经济影响及其对人和动物的毒害作用已引起世界各国的高度关注。介绍了对黄曲霉及毒素具有拮抗作用的微生物种类(主要有芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、酵母菌、链霉菌和一些海洋微生物等),分析了拮抗微生物中所发挥作用的有效成分,阐述了其对黄曲霉的抑制机制及对黄曲霉毒素的降解情况,希望为生物防治黄曲霉及黄曲霉毒素污染提供参考。

Some of the Aspergillus flavus have caused serious pollution to agricultural products.Affected by related genes,Aspergillus flavus will produce a mycotoxin,aflatoxin,which poses major health threats to humans and animals.Aflatoxin contamination may occur in the field,storage or transportation.There are many strategies to prevent aflatoxin from entering the food chain,among which the use of biological method,e.g.microorganisms to control aflatoxins pollution has attracted rising attention from researchers and has been gradually adopted by farmers.It has been widely reported that microorganisms and their metabolites can effectively reduce the pollution of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxins to food crops and products.Functional components are mainly metabolites of microorganisms,including polypeptides,small molecular organic compounds,organic acids,antibiotics and enzymes.Because of the great economic impact of aflatoxin pollution on crops and its toxicological effects on humans and animals,this problem has attracted great attention all over the world.In this paper,the types of microorganisms,including Bacillus spp.,Lactobacillus spp.,yeast,Streptomyces spp.and some marine microorganisms,and related functional components that have antagonistic effects on Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxins were all reviewed.Moreover,the mechanism of inhibition on aflatoxins and the degradation of aflatoxins were also summarized,aiming to provide reference basis for biological control of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxins pollution.