见证的危机及其超越——纪录片《浩劫》的见证艺术

Crisis of Testimony and Its Transcendence:Art of Testimony in the Documentary Shoah

纪录片《浩劫》纯粹使用目击证人的证词进行讲述,而不使用现成的文献资料。它不仅仅是一部关于犹太人大屠杀的历史纪录片,更提供了对历史与见证之复杂关系的深刻洞见。它表明大屠杀的极限经验如何使见证行为、使语言经受严峻考验,迫使我们追问真实的极限到底在哪里。《浩劫》还探讨了艺术与见证的关系,以及什么是"作为见证的艺术",艺术如何表现见证行为才能激发证人的良知,扩展其见证的能力?特别是,电影提出了"我们作为观众对见证做了什么?"的问题。见证拒绝虚构,但却不拒绝艺术性;相反,真相需要艺术性来传达。见证在我们这个时代具有特殊的重要性,因为在我们时代,见证本身就经历了重大的创伤,变得困难重重。优秀的见证艺术能让幸存者克服心理阻力站到证人立场,做出见证之举,从而超越目前的见证危机。

The documentary Shoah is narrated completely in the testimony of eyewitnesses instead of applying the existing documentation.It is not just a historical documentary about the Holocaust,but provides profound insights into the complicated relationships between history and testimony.It illustrates how the extreme experiences like the Holocaust put the witnessing and testimony to the severe test and drives us to search for the truth.What’s more,Shoah discusses the relationship between art and testimony.It investigates what is art as testimony"and what kind of art as testimony can awaken witnesses’conscience and improve their ability to testify.More valuable is the fact that it raises the question of"what can we contribute to the testimony as the audience?"Testimony refuses fabrication,but not artistry.Instead,the truth needs to be conveyed in an artistic way.Testimony is of special importance in our time because the witnesses themselves have undergone the grave trauma and become dauntingly haunted.The art of testimony to its best can help survivors overcome their psychological resistance and act as witnesses,contributing to the transcendence of the current crisis of testimony.