全球应对气候变化的合作新模式——探析“气候变化三方合作”

A new model for international cooperation on climate change:exploring Trilateral Cooperation

三方合作是与传统的南南合作和南北合作模式互补的国际合作新模式。由于具有可充分调动多方资源、发达国家和新兴捐助国的互补效应强、形式灵活等优势,三方合作目前得到了越来越多国家和国际组织的关注和参与。2016年全球已有838个三方合作项目,经济发展与合作组织(OECD)发展援助委员会成员的2/3都在不同程度地参与三方合作项目,其中德国、日本、西班牙和美国参与的项目最多。新兴捐助国中参与三方合作项目最多的国家是智利和墨西哥。目前三方合作项目执行期较短、项目额度小,29%的项目提到了绿色目标。目前虽然气候变化三方合作的案例还不多,但是截至2018年底32个发展中国家和5个发达国家都提出要开展气候变化三方合作的兴趣。由于起步较晚,气候变化三方合作目前面临着资金不足、沟通协调过程复杂、合作成本高等问题。中国应积极探索气候变化三方合作,推动不同部门南南合作、三方合作和其他多边双边合作的资源统筹,并应增强项目管理的规范性,提高项目效果和影响。

Trilateral Cooperation is a new model of international cooperation that complements the conventional South-South and North-South Cooperation models.Because of the advantages of fully mobilizing multiple resources,strong complementary effects of developed countries and emerging countries,and flexibility,Trilateral Cooperation has now gained the attention and participation of more countries and international organizations.838 Trilateral Cooperation projects have been implemented worldwide in 2016,and 2/3 of the members of the Development Assistance Committee of the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation(OECD)are participating in Trilateral Cooperation projects to varying degrees.Among them,Germany,Japan,Spain and the United States are involved in the largest number of projects.Among the emerging donors,Chile and Mexico are the countries with the highest participation in Trilateral Cooperation projects.Currently,the implementation period of trilateral projects is short,the funding size of projects is small,and 29%of projects refer to green goals.Although there are currently few cases of climate change Trilateral Cooperation,32 developing countries and 5 developed countries have expressed interest in Trilateral Cooperation on climate change by the end of 2018.Due to its late start,climate change Trilateral Cooperation is currently facing problems such as insufficient funding,complicated communication and coordination processes,and high collaboration costs.China should actively explore Trilateral Cooperation on climate change,promote resource integration of South-South Cooperation,Trilateral Cooperation and other multilateral and bilateral cooperation in various sectors,and should enhance project management to improve effectiveness and impact.