民航机组人员个体与组织匹配对安全绩效的影响——基于MOA模型的定性比较分析

Effects of the Interaction among Individual and Organization on Safety Performance of Civil Aviation Crew--Qualitative Comparative Analysis Based on MOA Model

人为因素成为当今航空飞行安全的最大隐患,针对人的安全科学管理至关重要。为进一步探索民航机组人员安全行为路径,寻求可能的行为管理切入点,将民航机组人员作为研究对象,以MOA模型(动机-机会-能力)为理论框架,应用模糊集定性比较分析方法,探究民航机组人员个体与组织两个层面的5个条件对员工安全绩效差异的多重并发复杂机制和因果非对称性关系。结果表明:安全文化和环境不确定性是高安全绩效的必要条件,取得高安全绩效的路径有2条、非高安全绩效的路径有5条;验证了MOA三因素对安全绩效的联动效应,体现了驱动机制的因果非对称性,进一步论证了个体自主安全动机在安全文化与安全绩效之间的中介作用。该研究结果有助于航空企业选聘机组人员并为差异化安全管理提供指导意见。

Human factors have become the biggest hidden danger of aviation flight safety,and scientific management of human safety is very important.In order to further explore the safety behavior path of civil aviation aircrew and seek the possible entry point of behavior management,taking the civil aviation aircrew as the research object and taking the MOA model(motivation opportunity ability)as the theoretical framework,this paper explores the multiple concurrent complex mechanism and causal asymmetry relationship of the five conditions at two levels of individual and organization on employee safety performance differences and the causal complex mechanism by applying the method of fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis.The research shows that the uncertainty of safety culture and environment is the necessary condition of high safety performance.There are two ways to achieve high safety performance and five ways to achieve non high safety performance.The study verifies the interative effect of three factors of MOA on safety performance,reflects the cause and effect asymmetry of driving mechanism,and further demonstrates the intermediary role of independent safety motivation between safety culture and safety performance.The conclusion of the study is helpful to the selection of aircrew and the guidance of differentiated safety management.