论马端临对《诗集传》的批判

On Ma Duan-lin's Criticism of the Biography of Poetry

作为一部对后世影响深远的史学典籍,马端临的《文献通考》对朱熹《诗集传》中的诗序之辨和《国风》“淫诗论”主张,进行了全面合理的批判性研究,并指出,《诗序》是国史采录或讲师传授的结果,《国风》是变风与变雅的刺上之作,从而更加系统地论证了毛公以《序》言《诗》的主张。马端临实际上是把《诗经》看作历史文本,由此恰恰比较出朱熹“废《序》论”在一定程度上回归《诗经》文学本位的实质。

As a historical book with profound influence on later generations,Ma Duan-lin's"General Examination of Documents"made a comprehensive and reasonable critical study on the Division of the Poetic Preface in Zhu Xi's"Biography of Poetry Anthology"and the proposition of"Erotic Poetry Theory"in"Guofeng".And pointed out that"Preface to poetry"was the result of the collection of national history or the teaching by the lecturer,Guofeng was a work of changing wind and elegance.Thus,it demonstrated the proposition of Mao Gong's"preface"to"poem"more systematically.Ma Duan-lin actually regarded the book of Songs as a historical text.From this,it could be seen that Zhu Xi's"Abolishing the theory of preface"returned to the essence of literature standard of the book of Songs to a certain extent.