植物根际微生物组的研究进展

Research progress in the rhizosphere microbiome of plants

根际微生物组(rhizosphere microbiome),是植物从其种子库土壤微生物组中有选择性地招募在根际聚集的动态微生物集群。随着近年来高通量测序技术、宏基因组学等的飞速发展,根际微生物组与植物宿主及土壤微生物组间的紧密联系引起了全球关注和研究热潮。根际微生物组被视作植物第二基因组,其与植物间的互作极为复杂,有正相也有负相。植物通过从土壤微生物组中招募到根际的某些组分获得积极反馈。正确管理植物根际微生物组不仅能促进宿主营养吸收、抵抗病虫害及适应环境胁迫,还可能促进健康土壤的形成,增强土壤生态系统的服务功能。对根际微生物组的定义、驱动因素、研究方法及其与农业生产的关系4个方面进行综述,并重点关注了根际微生物组与植物宿主间的互作过程,以期为更好的开发利用这类生物资源提供新思路。

Rhizosphere microbiome refers in particular to the dynamic microbial consortium that are selectively recruited by plants from the soil microbiome of their seed banks and gathered in the rhizosphere.With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technology and metagenomics in recent years,the natural close relationship among rhizosphere microbiome,plant host and soil microbiome have attracted global attention and become research upsurge.The rhizosphere microbiome,regarded as the second genome of plants,has very complex interactions with plants in positive and negative.Many studies have shown that plants can obtain positive feedback by recruiting certain members of the rhizosphere from the soil microbiome.The correct regulation of the rhizosphere microbiome can not only promote the nutrition absorption,resist plant diseases and insect and help the host to adapt environmental stress,but also promote the formation of healthy soils and enhance the service function of soil ecosystem.This paper reviewed the definition,driving factors,research methods of rhizosphere microbiome and the advances in relationship between rhizosphere microbiome and agricultural production.And the interaction between rhizosphere microbiome and plant host was focused.The purpose of the review is to provide new ideas for better exploitation and utilization of these biological resources.