sp^(2)碳连接的二维聚合物

Two-Dimensional Polymers Based on sp^(2)-Hybridized-Carbon Connections

二维多孔聚合物具有光学各向异性、高的电子迁移率、可逆的氧化还原等众多特性,因此它们作为关键材料用于气体吸附与分离、燃料电池膜、超级电容器等领域。这类二维多孔聚合物通常可分为二维金属-有机骨架、二维共价有机骨架、石墨化氮化碳、石墨炔和三明治型多孔聚合物纳米片。其中,sp2杂化碳(Csp2)连接的二维多孔聚合物是新兴的研究领域。与C―N、B―O和C≡C键连接的二维多孔聚合物相比,Csp2-二维聚合物因其高的电子迁移率和可调的带隙而具有独特的光电性质、高的化学/光稳定性和可调的电化学性质。此外,Csp2-二维多孔聚合物是制备过渡金属单原子的2D多孔碳材料的重要前驱体之一。总结了Csp2-二维多孔聚合物的可控合成方法,并讨论了它们在光电器件、气体分离、发光传感和成像、电化学能源存储和光催化等领域的应用情况。

Two-dimensional porous polymers(2DPPs) have planar architecture along with numerous attributes, including optical anisotropy, high mobility, reversible redox properties, intrinsic porosity, etc. These features render them promising materials for gas storage and separation, as membranes for fuel cells and as thin-film electrodes for batteries and supercapacitors. 2DPPs can be generally classified as 2D metal-organic frameworks, 2D covalent organic frameworks,graphitic carbon nitride, graphdiyne, and sandwich-like porous polymer nanosheets. Among these, the 2DPPs with sp2-hybridized carbon(Csp2) bonding are of great interest. Compared with 2DPPs linked by B―O, C―N, or C=C bonds,Csp2-linked 2D porous polymers have unique optical/electrical properties as well as high chemical-/photo-stability and tunable electrochemical performance due to their fully conjugated feature and tunable bandgap properties. Furthermore, such 2DPPs are one of the best precursors for the fabrication of 2D porous carbons with atomically dispersed transition-metal active sites.In this review, rational synthetic approaches for 2D porous polymers with sp2-C bonding are summarized. Their applications in optoelectronic devices, gas separation, luminescent sensing and imaging, batteries and supercapacitors, and photocatalysis are also discussed.