基于透明质酸构建的功能材料及其在生物医药领域中的应用

Hyaluronan-Based Functional Materials for Their Biomedical Applications

透明质酸(HA)是由D-葡萄糖醛酸和N-乙酰基葡萄糖胺二糖重复单元组成的线性聚阴离子多糖。目前,HA的研究和应用主要体现在3个方面:(1)基于HA分子含有的羟基、羧基和乙酰氨基等官能团,制备各类衍生物和水凝胶;(2)基于HA分子能与癌细胞表面的受体(如分化簇44(CD44)、淋巴管内皮细胞受体1(LYVE-1)、HA内吞受体(HARE)和HA介导的运动受体(RHAMM)等)相互作用,将HA及其衍生物用作靶向药物治疗的药物载体;(3)基于HA与人体生理活动的密切相关性,发展HA水凝胶在组织工程等领域的应用。本文系统总结了以HA为原料,根据其独特的物化性质和生物学性能特点开发的生物材料的研究进展及其在癌症靶向治疗、伤口愈合、术后黏连、软骨再生和骨关节炎治疗等生物医药领域中的应用。

Hyaluronan(hyaluronic acid,HA)is a linear polysaccharide with disaccharide repeats of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.As one of the most important glycosaminoglycans,HA is widely distributed in the human body including the extracellular matrix of the vitreous of the eye and cartilage tissue.The physiological functions of HA in the human body to maintain moisture,regulate osmotic pressure,lubricate joints and absorb shock are closely related to their physicochemical properties and rheological properties.The applications of HA-based functional materials mainly include the following three aspects:(1)Various HA-based derivatives and hydrogels are prepared based on the chemical modifications of hydroxyl,carboxyl,and acetamido groups.(2)HA and its derivatives have been widely used as drug carriers for targeted drug delivery based on HA interacting with receptors on the surface of cancer cells(such as CD44,RHAMM and LYVE-1 receptors).(3)HA hydrogels have been widely used in tissue engineering based on the close relationship between HA and human physiological activities.The HA-based biomaterials and their applications in the biomedical field(such as cancer targeted therapy,wound healing,postoperative adhesion,cartilage regeneration and osteoarthritis treatment)have been summarized in this review.