基于多源测评的轨道交通驾驶作业状态实验研究

An Experimental Study on Operation Status of Rail Transit Drivers Based on Multi-source Evaluation

在城市轨道交通系统中,关键工种人员(如调度员、驾驶员、行车值班员等)作业行为的可靠性直接影响系统运转的安全性。基于Wickens的信息加工模型理论,人的认知行为表现与信息处理过程中的注意力资源分配(即工作负荷水平)有着重要的关系。因此,文中通过设计建立模拟驾驶条件下的驾驶员"注意-反应"实验研究驾驶作业时长、工作负荷、认知行为三者间的影响关系。选择1名身心健康且具有驾驶经验的被试者进行两轮累计135分钟以上的地铁模拟驾驶任务(每轮驾驶任务包含2次出乘作业),设定不同的休息间隔时间;在每次接发车作业过程中,采集不同驾驶时间点被试者的工作负荷主观打分值、HRV指标及2分钟左右注意-反应测试结果;通过多源数据对比分析,验证轨道交通驾驶作业时长、工作负荷对认知行为的影响。通过研究论证了作业时长、休息间隔时间对驾驶员的认知行为表现会产生影响,合理制定乘务计划对驾驶行为的可靠性与安全性有重要意义。

In urban rail transit system,the reliability of operation behavior of key workers(such as dispatchers,drivers,on-duty attendants,etc.)directly affects the safety of system operation.Based on Wickens information processing model theory,there is an important relationship between human cognitive behavioral performance and the allocation of attention resources(i.e.,workload level)in information processing.Therefore,this paper designed and established the“attention-response”experiment of drivers under simulated driving conditions to study the influence of driving operation time,workload and cognitive behavior.A subject who is physically and mentally healthy and has driving experience is selected to conduct two simulated subway driving tasks for a total of more than 135 minutes(each driving task includes two trips),and different rest intervals are set.During each receiving operation,the subjective scoring value of workload,HRV index and two minutes attention-response test results of the subjects at different driving time points were collected.Through the comparison and analysis of multi-source data,the influences of driving hours and workload on cognitive behavior of rail transit were verified.Through the research,it is demonstrated that the working time and the rest interval time have an impact on drivers cognitive behavior performance,and the reasonable formulation of crew plan is of great significance to the reliability and safety of driving behavior.