磷酸铁锂电池模组过充热失控特性及细水雾灭火效果

Thermal runaway characteristic of lithium iron phosphate battery modules through overcharge and the fire extinguishing effect of water mist

磷酸铁锂电池模组的热失控及灭火是大规模应用急需解决的问题。文中分别以单个磷酸铁锂电池模组和簇级磷酸铁锂电池模组为试验对象,在恒流过充方式下研究单个磷酸铁锂电池模组与簇级磷酸铁锂电池模组的热失控特性,并使用细水雾作为灭火剂,研究细水雾对磷酸铁锂电池模组的灭火效果。试验结果显示:簇级磷酸铁锂电池模组燃烧后温度急剧上升,18 s内温升速率达42.74℃/s,温度峰值近1000℃,明显高于单个模组的峰值温度(600℃);细水雾持续喷洒100 s后,2组试验模组温度迅速降低,明火完全扑灭无复燃,灭火效果极佳。试验结果可为磷酸铁锂储能电站的安全和消防提供有效的理论与试验支撑。

Thermal runaway and fire extinguishing are both urgent problems in large-scale applications of lithium iron phosphate battery(LFP)modules.In this paper,the thermal runaway characteristic of a single LFP module and a cluster of LFP modules are studied under constant current overcharge mode.Water mist is used as a fire extinguishing agent to study its fire extinguishing effect on single and cluster LFP modules.The experimental results show that the temperatures of the modules in the cluster rise sharply after combustion,with a temperature rise rate of 42.74℃/s in the first 18 s.The peak temperature is nearly 1000℃,which is significantly higher than that of the peak temperature of the single module(600℃).After 100 seconds of continuous spraying of water mist,the temperatures of all the modules drop rapidly,and the fires are completely extinguished without reignition,thus proving that the fire extinguishing effects by using water mist are satisfactory.Above results provide an effective theoretical and experimental support for the safety and fire extinguishing of the LFP-based energy storage power station.