土壤管理措施及环境因素对农田土壤微生物的影响

Effects of soil management measures and environmental factors on soil microorganisms in farmland

土壤是作物赖以生存的环境,土壤质量的好坏直接影响作物的产量,土壤中的微生物也会显著影响农田土壤的质量。为提高土壤质量,需明确不同土壤管理措施及环境因素对农田土壤微生物丰富度和多样性的影响。文章综述了免耕、秸秆覆盖、施用肥料、集约化管理、农药及重金属胁迫等土壤管理措施和土壤理化性质、生长季节、植被覆盖等环境因素对农田土壤微生物的影响。研究认为,免耕、秸秆覆盖、施用肥料、集约化管理、植被覆盖等均对土壤微生物活性和多样性有积极影响;微生物的生长季节不同对其影响也不同,夏季微生物生长代谢较冬季旺盛;农药的过量施用及重金属胁迫会对土壤微生物产生毒害作用,并对农田土壤健康产生不利影响。

Soil is the environment on which crops depend for survival,the quality of soil directly affects the yield of crops,and the microorganisms in the soil also significantly affect the quality of farmland soil.In order to improve soil quality,it was necessary to clarify the impact of different soil management measures and environmental factors on the richness and diversity of microorganisms in farmland soil.This research reviewed the effects of soil management measures such as no-tillage,straw mulching,fertilizer application,intensive management,pesticides and heavy metal stress,and soil physical and chemical properties,growing seasons,vegetation coverage and other environmental factors on farmland soil microorganisms.Studies believed that no-tillage,straw mulching,fertilizer application,intensive management,vegetation coverage,etc.had a positive impact on soil microbial activity and diversity;different growth seasons of microbes had different effects on them,and microbial growth and metabolism in summer were more vigorous than that in winter;excessive application of pesticides and heavy metal stress would have toxic effects on soil microorganisms and adversely affect farmland soil health.