低氧对线粒体功能及其代谢调控的研究进展

Regulation of hypoxia on mitochondrial function and its metabolism:research advances

运动性低氧(如剧烈运动)、环境性低氧(如高原环境)、病理生理性低氧等因素都会导致机体处于低氧状态,而机体的低氧应答主要通过低氧诱导因子(HIF)信号转导通路来调控。线粒体是细胞进行有氧呼吸的主要场所,对低氧极其敏感。本文总结了HIF对线粒体能量代谢、形态、分布等结构和功能的调控,以及线粒体代谢产物对HIF信号传导途径的影响,明确低氧调节线粒体的作用机制,为开展相关的低氧适应研究以及开发抗低氧的干预措施提供依据。

Exercise-induced hypoxia(such as strenuous exercise),environmental hypoxia(such as high altitude environ⁃ment),and pathophysiological hypoxia could cause the organism to be anoxic,and the hypoxic responses are mainly regulated by the signal transduction pathways of hypoxia-inducible factors(HIF).The mitochondria,the core site for the aerobic respiration,is extremely sensitive to hypoxia.This review summarizes the effects of hypoxia on the mitochondria structures and functions such as energy metabo⁃lism,morphology,distribution,as well as the influences of mitochondrial metabolites on HIF signaling pathways,and illuminates the underlying mechanisms of hypoxia to regulate mitochondria,aiming to provide references for the research on hypoxic adaptation and anti-hypoxia interventions.