郴州市老年人健康状况及卫生服务需求分析

Analysis of Health Status and Health Service Demand of the Elderly in Chenzhou City

目的了解郴州市老年人健康状况及卫生服务需求。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷于2020年3月~8月,通过方便非随机抽样,由调查员深入社区面对面访谈形式和问卷星调查郴州市400名老人,内容包括一般资料、健康状况及卫生服务需求。结果共回收有效问卷386份,有效率为96.50%。208名患有慢性疾病,患病率为53.89%,主要慢性病为高血压,风湿性关节炎,冠心病。最近1个月就诊74名(19.17%),就诊的主要原因是慢性病,就诊和入住的主要医疗机构为三级医院。90.36%的老年人愿意接受社区卫生服务,卫生服务项目需求包括:健康体检、健康咨询和评估、日常护理、中医养生、上门门诊、合理用药指导、家庭医生、家庭病床、家庭照顾与访视、康复指导和训练、急诊急救、日间照顾、精神和心理卫生咨询指导、安宁照顾等。86.79%老年人选择家庭养老。结论郴州市老年人慢性病发病率及卫生服务需求高,卫生服务项目亟待完善,应充分考虑老年人的心理和精神需求,建立健全社区居家养老服务体系。

Objective To understand the health status and health service needs of the elderly in Chenzhou.Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate 400 elderly people in Chenzhou city from March to August 2020 through convenient non-random sampling.The contents included general information,health status and health service needs.Results There were 386 valid questionnaires,208 patients had chronic diseases,the prevalence rate was 53.89%,and the main chronic diseases were hypertension,rheumatoid arthritis,coronary heart disease.In the last month,74 patients(19.17%)received medical treatment,mainly due to chronic diseases.The main medical institutions for treatment and admission are tertiary hospitals.90.36%old people expressed the willingness to accept the community health services.Health services project requirements include:physical examination,health consultation and evaluation,daily nursing,traditional Chinese medicine keeping in good health,door-to-door clinics,guide for the rational use of drugs,family doctors,domestic sickbed,family care and supervision,rehabilitation guidance and training,emergency first aid,day care,mental and psychological health counseling,hospice care,etc.86.79%of the elderly choose family pension.Conclusion The incidence of chronic diseases among the elderly in Chenzhou is high.The demand of health service is high,and the health service project needs to be improved urgently.The psychological and spiritual needs of the elderly should be fully considered,and the community home-based care service system should be established and improved.