2018年山西省饮水型地方性砷中毒监测结果分析

Analysis on monitoring results of drinking water type endemic arsenism in Shanxi Province in 2018

目的为掌握饮水型地方性砷中毒病区降砷改水工程的落实进度及运行情况,了解病区的病情现状,评价防控效果,为调整防控策略和措施提供依据。方法按照《山西省饮水型地方性砷中毒监测方案》的工作要求,选择5个病区县14个村作为固定监测村,调查监测村降砷改水情况及工程运转情况,测定改水工程的水砷含量;对监测村居民进行砷中毒病情调查,并测定砷中毒患者尿砷含量。按地方性砷中毒诊断标准(WS/T 211)开展病情调查。采用氢化物原子荧光光度法(GB/T5750.6—2006)进行水砷、尿砷含量测定。结果本年度共计监测了14个村,全部改水,共9个改水工程,全部正常运转;共检查了7648人,检出砷中毒患者120例,检出率为1.57%,以轻度病例为主,尚有37例可疑病例,无新检出病例与皮肤癌患者;共检测了417例成人尿砷含量,尿砷范围为0~0.8543 mg/L,几何均数为0.0101 mg/L。结论山西省饮水型砷中毒病区改水措施持续落实且有效运转,已无新发砷中毒患者,今后应继续加强改水工程的维护管理及病情监测、健康教育工作。

Objective In order to master the implementation progress and operation of the arsenic reduction and water improvement project in drinking water endemic arsenism endemic area,the implementation progress and operation situation of the project were analyzed to understand the current situation of the disease in the ward and to evaluate the prevention and control effect,and to provide the basis for adjusting the prevention and control strategies and measures.Methods According to the work requirements of the monitoring program of drinking water type endemic arsenism in Shanxi Province,14 villages in 5 endemic areas and counties were selected as fixed monitoring villages to investigate the situation of arsenic reduction and water improvement in monitoring villages and the operation of the project,and the arsenic content in water of the water improvement project was determined.The status of arsenic poisoning was investigated in the residents of the monitoring village,and the urine arsenic content of arsenic poisoning patients was determined.According to the diagnostic standard of endemic arsenism(WS/T 211),the disease condition was investigated.The content of arsenic in water and urine was determined by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry(GB/t5750.6--2006).Results A total of 14 villages were monitored in this year,all of them improved water,and 9 water improvement projects were in normal operation.A total of 7648 people were examined and 120 patients with arsenic poisoning were detected,with the detection rate of 1.57%.Most of them were mild cases,and there were still 37 suspicious cases.No new cases and skin cancer patients were detected.The urinary arsenic content of 417 adults was determined.The range of urinary arsenic was 0-0.8543 mg/L,and the geometric mean was 0.0101 mg/L.Conclusion The water improvement measures in drinking water type arsenism areas in Shanxi Province have been implemented and operated effectively.There are no new cases of arsenic poisoning.In the future,we should continue to strengthen the maintenance and management of water improvement projects,disease monitoring and health education.