高精料饲粮诱发瘤胃胀气机理的研究进展

Research Advance in Mechanism of Rumen Bloat Induced by High Concentrate Diet

生产中为了追求高产,反刍动物不可避免地需要饲喂高精料饲粮来满足其生产需要,而反刍动物饲喂高精料饲粮易诱发瘤胃胀气和瘤胃酸中毒,显著降低动物的生产性能,甚至还会导致动物死亡,给养殖业造成重大经济损失。早期研究认为瘤胃产气过多过快是高精料饲粮诱发瘤胃胀气的主要原因,但随着科技的进步,越来越多的研究表明,瘤胃气体被泡沫包裹无法正常排放才是高精料饲粮诱发瘤胃胀气的根本原因。瘤胃泡沫形成的确切机制还有待研究,来源于饲粮的、瘤胃微生物合成的以及瘤胃微生物酵解饲粮产生的蛋白质、多糖和羧酸盐可能充当了瘤胃泡沫的起泡剂或泡沫稳定剂。

In production,in order to pursue high yield,the ruminant animals inevitably need to feed high concentrate diet to meet their production needs,while the high concentrate diet is easy to induce rumen bloat and rumen acidosis,which significantly reduce the growth performance of animals and even lead to animal death,causing a large number of economic losses to farmers.Early studies showed that high production of rumen gas is the main cause of the rumen bloat induced by the high concentrate diet.However,with the development of technology,more research evidences proved that the primary factor is the rumen bloat induced by the high concentrate diet because rumen gas was unable to be discharged due to the foamy package of rumen gas.The exact mechanism of rumen foam formation has yet to be investigated,proteins,polysaccharides and carboxylate which come from diet,synthesized by rumen microorganisms and produced by rumen microorganisms fermented diet,may be foaming agents or foam stabilizers for rumen foam.