断奶仔猪饲粮中玉米蛋白粉配合鲜味剂替代肠膜蛋白粉的研究

A Study on Dietary Corn Gluten Meal with Umami Enhancer Instead of Dried Porcine Soluble of Weaned Piglets

本试验旨在研究饲粮中玉米蛋白粉配合鲜味剂替代肠膜蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分和氨基酸表观消化率、血清激素指标及粪便菌群结构的影响,以研究断奶仔猪饲粮中玉米蛋白粉配合鲜味剂能否起到替代肠膜蛋白粉的作用。试验采用2×2析因设计,2个因素分别为蛋白质饲料原料种类(肠膜蛋白粉和玉米蛋白粉)和鲜味剂[添加(0.2%)和无添加]。试验选取28日龄大白×长白二元断奶仔猪128头,随机分为4个组,每组4个重复,每个重复8头猪。4个试验组分别为肠膜蛋白粉组、肠膜蛋白粉+鲜味剂组、玉米蛋白粉组和玉米蛋白粉+鲜味剂组。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)玉米蛋白粉+鲜味剂组的平均日采食量与肠膜蛋白粉组无显著差异(P>0.05),玉米蛋白粉+鲜味剂组的平均日增重显著低于肠膜蛋白粉组(P<0.05)。2)玉米蛋白粉+鲜味剂组粗蛋白质表观消化率显著低于肠膜蛋白粉组(P<0.05),其余养分表观消化率与肠膜蛋白粉组无显著差异(P>0.05)。玉米蛋白粉+鲜味剂组的赖氨酸、丝氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸和苯丙氨酸表观消化率均显著高于玉米蛋白粉组(P<0.05)。3)玉米蛋白粉+鲜味剂组的血清胃饥饿素和胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ含量显著高于玉米蛋白粉组(P<0.05),血清胃饥饿素含量与肠膜蛋白粉组无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)玉米蛋白粉组的ACE、Chao1和Shannon指数最低,Simpson指数最高。玉米蛋白粉组的巴氏杆菌属和密螺旋体菌属相对丰度远高于其余3组,功能基因相对丰度最低,且在菌群氨基酸和碳水化合物的运输与代谢、翻译、核糖体结构和转录等功能上弱于其余3组。由此可见,玉米蛋白粉配合鲜味剂具有改善饲料适口性、增加断奶仔猪对养分的消化吸收、提高生长性能的作用。因此,可以在断奶仔猪饲粮中使用玉米蛋白粉配合鲜味剂替代肠膜蛋白粉。

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of corn gluten meal with umami enhancer instead of dried porcine soluble on growth performance,apparent digestibility of nutrients and amino acids,serum hormone indexes and fecal microbial structure of weaned piglets,and to evaluate the possibility of using corn gluten meal with umami enhancer to replace dried porcine soluble.In this experiment,a 2×2 factorial design was used.The two factors were types of protein feedstuff(dried porcine soluble and corn gluten meal)and umami enhancer[addition(0.2%)and no addition].A total of 128 Large White×Landrace weaned piglets were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates in each group and 8 piglets in each replicate.The four experimental groups were the dried porcine soluble group,dried porcine soluble+umami enhancer group,corn gluten meal group and the corn gluten meal+umami enhancer group.The experiment lasted for 21 days.The results showed as follows:1)there was no significant difference in average daily feed intake between corn gluten meal+umami enhancer group and dried porcine soluble group(P>0.05),and the average daily gain of corn gluten meal+umami enhancer group was significantly lower than that of dried porcine soluble group(P<0.05).2)The crude protein apparent digestibility of corn gluten meal+umami enhancer group was significantly lower than that of dried porcine soluble group(P<0.05),and the other nutrients apparent digestibilities were no significant differences compared with dried porcine soluble group(P>0.05).The apparent digestibilities of lysine,serine,valine,isoleucine and phenylalanine of corn gluten meal+umami enhancer group were significantly higher than those of corn gluten meal group(P<0.05).3)The contents of ghrelin and insulin growth factor-Ⅰin serum of corn gluten meal+umami enhancer group were significantly higher than those of corn gluten meal group(P<0.05),and the serum ghrelin content was no significant difference compared with dried porcine soluble group(P>0.05).4)The indexes of ACE,Chao 1 and Shannon of corn gluten meal group were the lowest,and the Simpson index was the highest.The relative abundances of Barnesiella and Treponema of corn gluten meal group were higher than those of other 3 groups,the relative abundance of functional gene was the lowest,and the transportation and metabolism,translation,ribosome structure and transcription function of amino acids and carbohydrates in the bacteria were lower than those of other 3 groups.In conclusion,the combination of corn gluten meal with umami enhancer can improve the feed palatability,increase the nutrients digestion and absorption of weaned piglets,and improve the growth performance.Therefore,it is feasible to use corn gluten meal with umami enhancer instead of dried porcine soluble in weaned piglets,diets.