橙皮苷对肉仔鸡生长性能、肌肉品质及肠道形态结构的影响

Effects of Hesperidin on Growth Performance,Muscle Quality and Intestinal Morphology of Broilers

本试验旨在研究在肉仔鸡饲粮中添加不同水平的橙皮苷(HSD)对其生长性能、肌肉品质及肠道形态结构的影响。采用单因子完全随机试验设计,选取健康的、体重相近的1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡公雏288只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只。饲粮中HSD的添加水平分别为0(对照组)、50(HSD 50组)、100(HSD 100组)和150 mg/kg(HSD 150组)。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)在1~21日龄时,HSD添加组与对照组的体重(BW)、平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G)均无显著差异(P>0.05)。在22~42日龄时,各HSD添加组的BW和ADG均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),F/G显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且随着HSD添加水平的增加均呈线性和二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。在1~42日龄时,各HSD添加组与对照组的ADFI无显著差异(P>0.05),ADG显著高于对照组(P<0.05),F/G显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且ADG和F/G均与HSD的添加水平存在线性和二次曲线关系(P<0.05)。2)腿肌的剪切力随HSD添加水平的增加呈线性和二次曲线变化(P<0.05),其中HSD 50组及HSD 100组剪切力显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,各HSD添加组屠宰24 h后肌肉的亮度(L*)值显著降低(P<0.05),且与HSD的添加水平存在线性和二次曲线关系(P<0.05);腿肌的红度(a*)值与HSD添加水平存在线性和二次曲线关系(P<0.05),其中HSD 50组的a*值显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。各添加HSD组肌肉的吸附水含量显著高于对照组(P<0.01),胸肌粗脂肪含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且均与HSD的添加水平呈线性和二次曲线变化(P<0.05);腿肌HSD 150组吸附水含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)胸肌中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)随HSD添加水平的提高呈线性和二次曲线变化(P<0.05),其中HSD 50组的T-AOC显著高于对照组(P<0.05);HSD 100组和HSD 150组的丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且随HSD添加水平的提高有降低趋势(P=0.098)。腿肌中HSD 50组和HSD 150组的MDA含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且随HSD添加水平的提高有降低趋势(P=0.087)。4)在21日龄时,与对照组相比,各添加HSD组空肠的隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),且随HSD添加水平的提高呈线性和二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。在42日龄时,空肠绒毛高度随HSD添加水平的提高呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05),其中HSD 150组的绒毛高度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,在肉仔鸡饲粮中添加50 mg/kg HSD可以有效改善其肉质,提高肌肉抗氧化能力并促进肠道发育,进而提高肉仔鸡的生长性能。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different supplemental levels of hesperidin(HSD)on the growth performance,muscle quality and intestinal morphology of broilers.A total of 288 healthy 1-day-old Arbor Acres(AA)male broilers were selected in a single-factor completely randomized trial and were randomly divided into 4 groups,with 6 replicates in each group.The repeat was 12 broilers.The supplement levels of HSD in the diet were 0(control group),50(HSD 50 group),100(HSD 100 group)and 150 mg/kg(HSD 150 group).The test period was 42 d.The results showed as follows:1)there were no significant differences in average body weight(BW),average daily feed intake(ADFI),average daily gain(ADG)and feed/gain(F/G)between the HSD supplementation groups and the control group at the age of 1 to 21 days(P>0.05).At the age of 22 to 42 days,the BW and ADG in each HSD supplementation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),the F/G was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),and with the increase of HSD supplement levels,the indexes shown linear and quadratic curve changes(P<0.05).At the age of 1 to 42 days,there was no significant difference in ADFI between the HSD supplementation groups and the control group(P>0.05),ADG was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),and F/G was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).ADG and F/G had linear and quadratic relationship with the increase of HSD supplement levels(P<0.05).2)The shear force of leg muscles showed linear and quadratic changes with the increase of HSD supplement levels(P<0.05),and the shear force in HSD 50 group and HSD 100 group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the lightness(L*)value of muscles after 24 h slaughter in each HSD supplementation group was significantly reduced(P<0.05),and there was a linear and quadratic relationship with the increase of HSD supplement levels(P<0.05);there was a linear and quadratic relationship with the increase of HSD supplement levels(P<0.05),and the redness(a*)value in the HSD 50 group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The adsorbed water content of the muscle in the HSD supplementation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the crude fat content of breast muscle was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),and both showed linear and quadratic changes with the increase of HSD supplement levels(P<0.05);the adsorbed water content of the leg muscle in HSD 150 group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).3)Total antioxidative capacity(T-AOC)in the pectoral muscle showed linear and quadratic changes with the increase of HSD supplement levels(P<0.05),and the T-AOC in the HSD 50 group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The malondialdehyde(MDA)content in the HSD 100 group and HSD 150 group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),and there was a decreasing trend as the supplement levels of HSD increased(P=0.098).The MDA content of leg muscles in the HSD 50 group and HSD 150 group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),and there was a decreasing trend as the supplement levels of HSD increased(P=0.087).4)At the age of 21 days,the crypt depth of the jejunum could be significantly reduced in each HSD supplementation group(P<0.05),and it changed linearly and quadraticly with the increase of HSD supplement levels(P<0.05).At the age of 42 days,the height of jejunum villi showed a quadratic curve with the increase of HSD supplement levels(P<0.05),and the villus height in HSD 150 group was significantly higher than that in control group.In summary,adding 50 mg/kg HSD to broiler diets can effectively improve meat quality,increase muscle antioxidant capacity,and promote intestinal development,thereby improving broiler’s growth performance.