赣州市无偿献血者HBV感染流行病学特征分析

Epidemiologic Features of HBV Infection among Unpaid Blood Donors in Ganzhou

目的了解赣州市无偿献血者乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染流行病学特征分析,为招募安全血源、制定可靠血液检测方式与无偿献血相关宣传策略提供参考依据。方法收集赣州市2018—2019年无偿献血者人口学特征资料,包括性别、年龄、婚姻状况、职业、文化程度及献血次数等,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)与核酸检测技术(NAT)对其血液标本HBV感染情况进行筛查,对HBV感染者流行病学资料进行统计学分析。结果2018—2019年赣州市无偿献血者共121674例,HBV阳性511例,HBV感染率为0.42%,其中2019年HBV感染率低于2018年(0.41%比0.43%)。HBV感染率人口学特征:男性高于女性,31~55岁年龄段高于其他年龄段,已婚人群高于未婚人群,低学历人群高于高学历人群,农民与工人高于其他从业人员,初次献血者高于多次献血者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论招募学生及公务人员发展为固定献血人群,可降低输血感染HBV的风险;同时加大无偿献血宣传,建立固定的自愿献血队伍可进一步确保血液质量和安全。

Objective To understand the epidemiologic features of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection among unpaid blood donors in Ganzhou,and to provide reference for the recruitment of safe blood sources and development of reliable blood testing methods and publicity strategies related to unpaid blood donation.Methods Demographic data of unpaid blood donors in Ganzhou from 2018 to 2019 were collected,including the gender,age,marital status,occupation,education level and frequency of blood donation.The blood samples were screened for HBV infection using ELISA and nucleic acid testing.The epidemiological data of HBV-infected patients were analyzed statistically.Results Among the 121674 unpaid blood donors,511(0.42%)were positive for HBV.The HBV infection rate in 2019 was lower than that in 2018(0.41%vs 0.43%),that in males was higher than that in females,that in 31-55 age group was higher than that in other age groups,that in married people was higher than that in unmarried people,that in persons with low educational level was higher than that in persons with high educational level,that in farmers and workers was higher than that in other employees,and that in first-time blood donors was higher than that in multiple-time donors(all P<0.01).Conclusion The recruitment of students and civil servants as the regular blood donors can reduce the risk of HBV infection in blood transfusion.In addition,the publicity of unpaid blood donation should be strengthened and a stable voluntary blood donation team should be established to further ensure the quality and safety of blood.