两种机会主义概念:基于马克思主义的视角

TWO CONCEPTS OF OPPORTUNISM:BASED ON MARXIST PERSPECTIVE

马克思和恩格斯就机会主义问题同众多的机会主义者进行了长期的理论斗争,他们所批判的机会主义在性质上可以分为两类:一种是“阶级立场”上的机会主义,另一种是“斗争策略”上的机会主义。在中共早期革命的历史中,也发生过几次重大的机会主义错误。同马克思恩格斯时期所斗争的机会主义相同,这些机会主义也可以分为“阶级立场”和“斗争策略”上的两个大类。尽管在类别划分上二者具有同一性,但在实际情况上,马克思恩格斯时期所面临的机会主义主要是“阶级立场”上的问题,而中国革命实践中所面临的机会主义问题却多属于“斗争策略”上的机会主义。此外,尽管两类机会主义在形成原因和具体表现上有所不同,但在本质上都是因为背离了最广大的人民群众。

A review of the long-term theoretical struggles between Marx and Engels and numerous opportunists on the issue of opportunism reveals that the opportunism they criticized can be divided into two categories in nature:one is opportunism in the"class position",The other is opportunism in"struggle strategy".In the history of the early revolution of the Chinese Communist Party,there were also several major opportunistic mistakes.These mistakes can also be divided into two categories:"class position"and"struggle strategy".However,although the two are identical in terms of classification,in reality,the opportunism faced by the Marx and Engels is mainly a problem of"class position",while the opportunism problems faced in the practice of the Chinese revolution mostly belong to opportunism in"struggle strategy".In addition,although the two types of opportunism have some differences in their formation reasons and specific manifestations,they are essentially due to departure from the broadest masses of the people.