不可抗力与情势变更竞合情形下的法律适用

THE LAW APPLIES IN THE CASE OF CONCURRENCE OF CHANGED CIRCUMSTANCES AND FORCE MAJEURE

不可抗力与情势变更并不是泾渭分明、截然分立的,二者存在交叉地带,司法实务中无法避免地会出现二者适用竞合的情形。对于不可抗力与情势变更,比较法上共有两种规范模式,中国采用了二元论的规范模式。然而《合同法司法解释(二)》第26条对于情势变更的规定,将不可抗力排除于情势变更的范围之外,是我国立法的不当原创,一直为人所诟病。直至2020年5月28日全国人民代表大会颁布的《中华人民共和国民法典》第533条中删去了“非不可抗力造成”,从立法上承认了二者并非完全相斥。在不可抗力与情势变更适用竞合的情形下应如何选择法律适用,应充分考虑司法实务中案件类型的差异化,通过比较各解决路径之间的优劣,选择最优解决方法。

Force majeure and changed circumstance are not mutually exclusive.There is a cross field between them.and the concurrence of their application will inevitably occur in judicial practice.For force majeure and changed circumstance,there are two legislation models in comparative law,and China adopts the legislation model of dualism.However,article 26 of the judicial interpretation of contract law(Ⅱ)excludes force majeure from the scope of the changed circumstance,which is an improper original of China's legislation and has been criticized.Until December 2019,Article 533 of the Civil Code(Draft),which was recently issued by the National People's Congress,deleted the"Not caused by force majeure",acknowledged from the legislation that the force majeure and changed circumstance are not completely separate.In the case of concurrence of force majeure and changed circumstance,how should the law be applied Full consideration should be given to the differences between cases in judicial practice,and the optimal path should be selected.