摘要
CRISPR-Cas technologies have greatly reshaped the biology field.In this review,we discuss the CRISPR-Cas with a particular focus on the associated technologies and applications of CRISPR-Cas9 and CRISPR-Cas12a,which have been most widely studied and used.We discuss the biological mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas as immune defense systems,recently-discovered anti-CRISPR-Cas systems,and the emerging Cas variants(such as xCas9 and Cas13)with unique characteristics.Then,we highlight various CRISPR-Cas biotechnologies,including nucleasedependent genome editing,CRISPR gene regulation(including CRISPR interference/activation),DNA/RNA base editing,and nucleic acid detection.Last,we summarize up-to-date applications of the biotechnologies for synthetic biology and metabolic engineering in various bacterial species.
基金
Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.18ZR1420500)
the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.18JC1413600)
.Y.X.acknowledges National 1000 Youth Talents Program.W.L.and Y.Z.are recipients of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M632119 and 2018M632098).
