基于社区居民感知的旅游扶贫效益和发展矛盾研究——以河北省涞源县白石口村为例

The Tourism-based Poverty Alleviation Effect and Development Contradiction Based on the Perception of Community Residents:Taking Baishikou Village in Laiyuan County of Hebei Province as an Example

社区居民既是旅游扶贫效益的利益获得者,也是旅游发展的重要参与者,居民参与对社区旅游可持续发展具有重要作用。本文以河北省涞源县白石口村为案例地,采用参与观察与深度访谈,研究旅游开发地社区居民对于旅游扶贫效应的感知与态度。研究发现:多数当地人认同旅游业有助于减轻贫困,改善了社区的居住环境,为部分居民提供了就业机会,但由于居民自身的知识、技能与资本的不足、加之旅游景区提供的就业机会有限,导致居民无法深入参与旅游发展中,从而造成贫富差距拉大以及各方利益的冲突。面对当地旅游业发展的低迷态势,政府、社区居民、旅游景区开发商需采取多种“自觉”行动,助推旅游业的转型升级。

Community residents are not only the beneficiaries of tourism-based poverty alleviation,but also the important participants in tourism development.Residents'participation plays an important role in the sustainable development of community tourism.Taking Baishikou village in Laiyuan County of Hebei Province as a case,this paper studies the perception and attitude of community residents in tourism development areas on the effect of poverty alleviation through participation observation and in-depth interview.The results show that most of the local people agree that tourism can help alleviate poverty,improve the living environment of the community,and provide employment opportunities for some residents.However,due to the lack of knowledge,skills and capital of residents,as well as the limited employment opportunities provided by tourist attractions,residents cannot deeply participate in the tourism development,resulting in the widening gap between the rich and the poor and conflict of interest among all sides.In the face of the sluggish development of local tourism,the government,community residents,and tourism developers need to take a variety of"conscious"actions to boost the transformation and upgrading of the tourism industry.