2019年湖北省气候主要特征及其对农业的影响

Main characteristics of climate and its impact on agriculture in Hubei province in 2019

2019年湖北省气象灾害程度重。全省年平均气温17.1℃,较常年偏高0.7℃,7月下旬至11月中旬气温偏高1℃以上,其中宜昌至襄阳以东地区偏高1.5~2.8℃。全省平均降水量906.1 mm,较常年偏少25%,其中7—9月降水量为174.2 mm,较常年偏少50%以上。年日照时数1544.3 h,较常年偏少8.8%,3月、7月、8月、9月日照时数偏多,其他月份均偏少。伏秋高温连旱和冬季低温连阴雨为2019年的两大主要气象灾害,范围广,程度重,均为湖北省近70年以来同类灾害中最严重的灾害。伏秋高温连旱造成全省秋粮总产量较上年减少7.93%;冬季低温连阴雨造成大棚温度低、湿度大,设施农业病害发生程度重,幼苗死亡率高。

Meteorological disasters in Hubei province in 2019 were severe.The annual average temperature was 17.1℃,0.7℃higher than the normal year.The temperature from late July to mid-November was 1℃higher than the normal year,of which the temperature in the area from Yichang to the east of Xiangyang was 1.5 to 2.8℃higher than the normal year.The average precipitation was 906.1 mm,25%less than the normal year,of which the precipitation from July to September was 174.2 mm,above 50%less than the normal year.The annual sunshine hours were 1544.3 hours,8.8%less than the normal year,which was more in March,July,August and September,and less in other months.The two major meteorological disasters in 2019 were high temperature with continuing drought in autumn and low temperature with continuing rainfall in winter,which were the most serious disasters in Hubei province in the past 70 years.The high temperature with continuing drought in autumn resulted in a 7.93%reduction in the total output of autumn grain compared with the previous year.The low temperature with continuing rainfall in winter caused low temperature and high humidity in greenhouse,serious diseases in facility agriculture and high seedling mortality.