城市收缩背景下鹤岗市土地利用结构演变研究

Study on the evolution of land use structure in Hegang city under the background of urban shrinkage

基于Landsat卫星遥感影像,在ENVI和ArcGIS技术支持下,运用马尔可夫转移矩阵、重心转移模型、象限分析法对收缩型城市鹤岗市中心城区2001—2016年的土地利用结构变化进行了研究。结果表明,2001—2016年鹤岗市人口不断流失,而建设用地却持续增长;用地类型数量上的变化为"两增两减",空间分布格局基本保持不变。耕地、林地的转移量大,水域的转移量最小;耕地的主要来源和去向均为林地,建设用地扩张占用大面积耕地,缩减多转变为耕地、林地。各土地类型中,重心转移距离最大的是水域,最小的是耕地;耕地重心向东南转移,建设用地重心向西南偏移,两者进退消长、方向相悖。建设用地空间演变表现出"北退南扩"的特点,兴安区一带土地变化剧烈,且建设用地主要沿煤炭产业带和农村居民点收缩。

Based on landsat satellite remote sensing image and supported by ENVI and ArcGIS technology,Markov transfer matrix,barycenter transfer model and quadrant analysis method were used to study the changes of land use structure in the central urban area of the shrinking city Hegang from 2011 to 2016.The results showed that,from 2001 to 2016,the population of Hegang city kept losing,while the land for construction continued to increase.The change in quantity of land use types was"two increases and two decreases",and the spatial distribution pattern basically remained unchanged.The transfer amount of cultivated land and forest land was large,and the transfer amount of water area was the smallest.The main source and destination of cultivated land were all forest land.Construction land expanded to occupy a large area of arable land,but the most transfer amount was changed for arable land,forest land.Among all types of land,the largest distance of shift of the center of gravity was the water area,and the smallest was the cultivated land.The center of gravity of cultivated land shifted to the southeast,and the center of gravity of construction land shifted to the southwest.The transfer direction of the two was opposite.The spatial evolution of construction land showed the characteristic of"north retreat and south expansion",and the land in the Xing’an district has undergone dramatic changes.Construction land contracted mainly along the coal industry belt and rural settlements.