从《甲行日注》中的死亡书写看叶绍袁的遗民心境与生死观

On Ye Shaoyuan′s Adherent Mentality and Concept on Life and Death from Writing of Death in Jia Xing Ri Zhu

《甲行日注》是明末文人叶绍袁在明亡之际所著的一部日记,其中记述了大量亲人病故和义士烈女死节殉难的事件以及由此引发的梦境和引起作者关注的鬼神传说。这些以死亡为主题的内容集中反映了叶绍袁复杂的遗民心境。尽管叶绍袁时常对同胞的殉难和牺牲表示感佩,他本人却怀抱着对往昔的回忆及对生命的眷恋不舍,以剃发出家、遁入山林作为逃离死亡的暂时性手段。其个人生死观和价值选择展现出作为小人物的文人个体在惨烈、悲壮的大时代中真实而无奈的悲剧命运,因而可将此视为明清之际士人心态研究的一个重要案例。

Jia Xing Ri Zhu is a diary written by Ye Shaoyuan,a scholar in the late Ming Dynasty,at the end of Ming Dynasty,which records a large number of incidents about death of relatives and martyrdom of high-minded men and chaste and pure women,as well as dreams derived from them and ghost and god legends that attracted the author’s attention.These contents focus on the theme of death and reflect Ye Shaoyuan’s complex mentality as an adherent of the Ming Dynasty.Although Ye Shaoyuan often expressed gratitude for the martyrdom and sacrifice of his compatriots,he himself chose to become a monk and flee into the mountain as a temporary means to escape from death with nostalgia for the past memories and life.His concept on life and death and his personal choice of value show the real and helpless tragic fate of a literati as a nobody in this heroically miserable era,which can be cited as an important case in research on scholars’mentality during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.