抑郁症患者自我效能感、刻板印象及抑郁症状的关系研究

Relationships among self-efficacy,stereotypes and depressive symptoms in patients with depression

目的探讨抑郁症患者自我效能感、刻板印象及抑郁症状三者之间的相关性。方法选取2016年9月至2018年10月南京医科大学附属无锡精神卫生中心113例抑郁症患者为研究对象,均接受自我效能感[一般自我效能感量表(GSES评分)]、外显刻板印象、内隐刻板印象、抑郁症状[抑郁自评量表(SDS评分)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD评分)]评估,根据自我效能感GSES评分分为高效能感组(n=41)与低效能感组(n=72),对比两组刻板印象(外显刻板印象、内隐刻板印象)评分、抑郁症状(SDS、HAMD)评分,分析抑郁症患者自我效能感、刻板印象及抑郁症状间相关性。结果高效能感组GSES评分为(27.62±1.37)分,低效能感组GSES评分为(19.17±1.46)分,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);高效能感组积极外显刻板印象与积极内隐刻板印象评分高于低效能感组,消极外显刻板印象与消极内隐刻板印象评分低于低效能感组(P<0.05);高效能感组SDS评分、HAMD评分低于低效能感组(P<0.05);GSES评分与积极外显刻板印象、积极内隐刻板印象评分呈正相关(P<0.05),与消极外显刻板印象、消极内隐刻板印象评分呈负相关(P<0.05);GSES评分与SDS评分、HAMD评分呈负相关(P<0.05);积极外显刻板印象、积极内隐刻板印象评分与SDS评分、HAMD评分呈负相关(P<0.05),消极外显刻板印象、消极内隐刻板印象评分与SDS评分、HAMD评分呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论抑郁症患者自我效能感越高,则患者所持刻板印象越积极,抑郁症状亦较轻,而自我效能感越低则消极刻板印象、抑郁症状越严重,三者密切相关。提高患者自我效能感或改变刻板印象,对缓解患者抑郁症状具有积极意义。

Objective To investigate the relationships among stereotypes,self-efficacy and depressive symptoms in patients with depression.Methods From September 2016 to October 2018,113 patients with depression in Wuxi Mental Health Center Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University were selected as subjects who received the assessments of self-efficacy,explicit stereotypes,implicit stereotypes,depressive symptoms respectively by general self-efficacy scale(GSES score),Depression Self-rating Scale(SDS)and Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD).The patients were divided into high-efficiency group(n=41)and low-efficiency group(n=72)according to the self-efficacy GSES score.The stereotypes(external stereotypes,implicit stereotypes)scores,depressive symptoms(SDS,HAMD)scores were compared between the two groups.The correlations among self-efficacy,stereotypes and depressive symptoms in patients with depression were analyzed.Results The GSES score of the high-performance group was(27.62±1.37)which was higher than that([19.17±1.46])of low-efficiency group significantly(P<0.05).The scores of positive external stereotypes and implicit stereotype score in high-efficiency group were higher than the low-efficiency group,and the negative external stereotype and implicit stereotype score were lower than the low-efficiency group(P<0.05).Conclusions The higher self-efficacy patients have,the more positive stereotypes and the less depressive symptoms they have.Changing stereotypes has positive implications for alleviating depressive symptoms in patients.