民国科学术语应用——以河北地方志为中心

The Application of Scientific Terminologies During the Republican Period:A Case Study of Hebei Local Records

民国时期河北61种地方志中普遍引入科学术语,但使用颇具随意性。从方志编纂初衷上看,科学术语的使用承载着话语体系创新、新志门类创建、科学知识普及的功能追求。社会转型时期科学术语的使用,具有自上而下的行政推动、科学理解的个体差异和新旧知识分子理念分歧及学养不足的局限。民国方志科学术语使用的实用性特点,对于科学知识的本土化和科学术语的推广,具有启示意义。

During the Republican Period,scientific terminologies were introduced in 61 Hebei local records,but the troduction was done fairly randomly.When these local records were compiled,the scientific terminologies were intended to take on many functions,such as innovating the discourse system,creating new categories of local records,and popularizing scientific knowledge.The introduction of scientific terminologies during a period of social transformation was performed by the top-down administrative push.Individual differences over the understanding of scientific issues,divergence of ideas held by the new and old intelligentsia,and insufficient academic learning also hindered the application of the scientific terms.The practical features in the use of the scientific terminologies during the Republican Period are significant for the localization of scientific knowledge and the popularization of the terminologies.