“风险刑法”之批判与反思

Criticism and Reflection on“Risk Criminal Law”

我国学者所主张的各个版本的风险刑法理论均系基于对风险概念过于狭隘或宽泛的解读,并未契合风险社会理论的理论内核,有待进行批判和反思。风险社会之“风险”应认定为现代社会发展过程中所必然出现的科技风险,其特征在于不可控性和自反性。风险社会来临,实际意味着传统的风险防范机制的体系性失灵。鉴于此,在价值层面,应限制预防刑法趋向,而坚持自由刑法立场;在教义学方面,要从构成要件、违法性和有责性层面防范刑法理论的“风险”转向。

The various versions of risk criminal law theories advocated by Chinese scholars are all based on an overly narrow or broad interpretation of the concept of risk,and do not fit the theoretical core of risk society theory,which needs to be criticized and reflected on.The“risk”of risk society should be identified as the scientific and technological risks that inevitably arise in the development of modern society,which is characterized by uncontrollability and self-reflexivity.The advent of the risk society actually means the systemic failure of traditional risk prevention mechanisms.In view of this,at the value level,the tendency of preventive criminal law should be limited and the position of liberal criminal law should be maintained;at the doctrinal level,the“risk”turn of criminal law theory should be prevented at the level of constitutive elements,illegality and culpability.