汉语“中”语法化的动因和机制

Motivation and Mechanism of the Grammaticalization of Chinese“Zhong”

汉语“中”经历了普通名词、方位名词、方位词、附缀、词缀、助词、体标记的发展历程,其语法化过程是漫长而复杂的。其语法化的动因主要包括语篇交际的语用因素、人类认知的心理因素、语言接触的社会因素、语言互动的内部因素;语法化的机制主要包括相邻句位、泛化与虚化、隐喻与转喻、类推与反推、和谐转化、语境吸收、分界改变、重新分析、竞争与更新、叠加与强化等。

Chinese“zhong”(中)experienced the evolutionary process of common noun,position noun,position word,attachment,affix,auxiliary,and aspect mark.The formation of the modern Chinese new continuous aspect mark“zhong”has undergone a series of evolution and development.From the point of view of motivation,it mainly includes pragmatic factors of discourse communication,psychological factors of human cognition,social factors of language contact,internal factors of language interaction.From a mechanism point of view,it mainly includes adjacent sentence positions,generalization and blur,metaphor and metonymy,analogy and reverse,harmonic transformation,context absorption,boundary transfer,reanalysis,competition and renewal,superposition and reinforcement.