新疆察布查尔布哈农业系统及其农业文化遗产价值研究

A Case Study on the Agricultural System of Qapqal Canal and its Value of Agricultural Heritage in Qapqal County

新疆察布查尔布哈农业系统是由察布查尔布哈及其灌溉区域所组成的农业生产系统,该系统于2017年入选第四批中国重要农业文化遗产名单。通过田野调查、文献考证等方法,分析了察布查尔布哈农业系统的起源与历史演变、系统特性及其多重价值。研究结果表明,察布查尔布哈农业系统的开凿和延续使用有其特殊的自然和历史背景,西迁伊犁的锡伯军民为其作出了杰出的贡献;察布查尔布哈农业系统体现了因地制宜、人与自然和谐共生的特点,并在发展过程中衍生出当地锡伯族特有的农耕文化。察布查尔布哈农业系统促进了伊犁河灌区灌溉农业的发展和绿洲景观的形成,在历史、科技和文化等方面呈现出独特的农业文化遗产价值,应对其进行科学保护和合理利用。

The agricultural system of qapqal canal in Xinjiang is an agricultural production system composed of qapqal canal and its irrigation area,which was selected into the fourth batch list of China’s important agricultural cultural heritage in 2017.This paper analyzes the origin,historical evolution and multiple values of agricultural system of qapqal canal by means of field investigation and textual research.The research results show that the digging and continuous use of agricultural system of qapqal canal has its special natural and historical background,and the Xibe army and civilians who moved to qapqal area from Liaoning province have made outstanding contributions to it;The agricultural system of qapqal canal embodies the characteristics of adapting measures to local conditions and harmonious coexistence between man and nature,and in the process of development,the unique farming culture of local Xibe nationality has been derived.Agricultural system of qapqal canal has promoted the development of irrigation agriculture and the formation of oasis landscape in Yili river irrigation area,and presented unique heritage value in history,technology,culture and so on,so it should be scientifically protected and rationally utilized.